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Applications of Microcontrollers
Published in T. Kishore Kumar, Ravi Kumar Jatoth, V. V. Mani, Electronics and Communications Engineering, 2019
Nihar Ranjan Panda, P. N. S. Sailaja, Rupali Satapathy
Microprocessor is a clock-driven semiconductor device consisting of electronics logic circuits manufactured by using large-scale integration (LSI) or VLSI technique. It is a computer processor which incorporates the functions of a computer’s central processing unit on a single IC. Microprocessors use sequential digital logic as they have internal memory and operate on numbers and symbols represented in the binary numeral system. The microprocessors are performing arithmetic and logical operation that make use of data on chip. Thousands of items that were traditionally not computer related include microprocessors. These include large and small household appliances, cars (and their accessory equipment units), car keys, tools and test instruments, toys, light switches/dimmers and electrical circuit breakers, smoke alarms, battery packs, and hi-fi audio/visual components (from DVD players to phonograph turntables). Such products as cellular telephones, DVD video system, and HDTV broadcast systems fundamentally require consumer devices with powerful, low-cost microprocessors. Increasingly stringent pollution control standards effectively require automobile manufacturers to use microprocessor engine management systems, to allow optimal control of emissions over widely varying operating conditions of an automobile. Nonprogrammable controls would require complex, bulky, or costly implementation to achieve the results possible with a microprocessor.
Probability and making decisions
Published in Andrew Metcalfe, David Green, Tony Greenfield, Mahayaudin Mansor, Andrew Smith, Jonathan Tuke, Statistics in Engineering, 2019
Andrew Metcalfe, David Green, Tony Greenfield, Mahayaudin Mansor, Andrew Smith, Jonathan Tuke
Hexadecimal is a positional numeral system with a radix (or base) of 16. It uses 16 distinct symbols: 0, …, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F. A pseudo random number generator appears to generate these symbols independently and with equal probabilities. Write down the probabilities of the following events as fractions. The next symbol is 8.The next two symbols are 53.The next two symbols are identical (i.e. one of 00, 11, …, FF).The next three symbols are ACE (in that order).The next four symbols are 7, A, C, E in any order.
Teaching redundant residue number system for electronics and computer students
Published in International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, 2022
(residue number system): RNS is a numeral system to represent a binary number by smaller integers. The system is defined by a set of N positive and pairwise relatively prime moduli . A number X in the system is represented by , where and signifies the residue of X modulo mi. Any integer X in the range [0, M−1] has a unique representation, where is the dynamic range (DR) of the moduli set (Garner, 1959; Timarchi & Akbarzadeh, 2019).
Evolutionary hyper-heuristic for solving the strip-packing problem
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2019
Daniel Domović, Tomislav Rolich, Marin Golub
The factorial number system used by (Knuth, 1997), which is also known as factoradic in combinatorics, is a mixed radix numeral system used for numbering permutations. If a number less than n! is converted to factorial representation, a sequence of n digits is obtained that can be converted to a permutation of n, either by using them as Lehmer code or as inversion table representation as in (Knuth, 1998). An algorithm for such a mapping is presented in (Knuth, 1997).