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Theoretical Background
Published in Valery Rudnev, Don Loveless, Raymond L. Cook, Handbook of Induction Heating, 2017
Valery Rudnev, Don Loveless, Raymond L. Cook
For illustration purposes, let’s review what happens when two carbon steel billets with substantially different physical properties (e.g., one billet was heated above the Curie point and became nonmagnetic and the other billet maintained its magnetic properties) are located in a multiturn solenoid inductor. The distribution of the surface power density in this case is shown in Figure 3.46. If the induction coil and both billets are long enough, then the magnetic field intensity at their central areas will be approximately the same and correspond to the coil current. At the same time, the surface power densities of the magnetic and nonmagnetic billets will be rather different (Figure 3.46a).
Fields, Forces, and Materials for LEMs
Published in Ion Boldea, Linear Electric Machines, Drives, and MAGLEVs Handbook, 2017
Also, the surface power density Pe (Poynting vector) is P¯e=E¯×H¯ (W/m2).
Electromagnetic Waves in Conducting Media
Published in Vladimir V. Mitin, Dmitry I. Sementsov, An Introduction to Applied Electromagnetics and Optics, 2016
Vladimir V. Mitin, Dmitry I. Sementsov
A plane electromagnetic wave is incident obliquely on the surface of a nonmagnetic metal (κm = 1) with conductivity σ at an incidence angle θ0. Find the power losses of the waves with p- and s-polarizations on a unit area of metal surface (power density losses).
Ne-like Ge soft X-ray lasers driven by fundamental- and double-frequency lasers
Published in Journal of Modern Optics, 2022
C. Wang, H. H. An, X. M. Qiao, Z. H. Fang, J. Xiong, Z. Y. Xie, Z. Y. He, E. F. Guo, Z. D. Cao, J. R. Sun, W. D. Zheng, R. R. Wang, A. L. Lei, W. Wang
The Ne-like Ge soft X-ray laser experiments driven by 1ω lasers were performed at the SG-II laser facility. The experimental setup is shown in Figure 1. Two 1ω laser beams at the SG-II facility were injected from the two sides of the setup, and two uniform focal lines with a width of approximately 120 μm and a length of 27 mm were formed at the target position by the cylinder lens array (CLA) line focusing systems [22]. Each laser had a wavelength of 1.053 μm, a pulse width of approximately 1 ns, and an energy of 500 J; therefore, the target surface power density was approximately 1.5 × 1013 W·cm−2.
Role of electrode and proton exchange membrane configurations on microbial fuel cell performance toward bioelectricity generation integrated wastewater treatment
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2023
Surajbhan Sevda, Vijay Kumar Garlapati, T. R. Sreekrishnan
In two dual-chamber, MFC was studied with different electrode surface areas and the same area of proton exchange membrane, volume, and 1667 mg/L COD initial load. The electrodes were connected with 100Ω resistance, and when the current was coming lows down to 0.10 mA, it was fed again. The MFC runs for 600 h using 52.99 cm2 electrode surface area and found that a constant surface power density and volumetric power density have been attained during this period. The graphite electrode surface area effect on MFC's performance for wastewater treatment and electricity generation has been tabulated in Table 3.