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Basic Concepts of Fluid Mechanics
Published in James Jones, Demetri Telionis, Aeroform, 2023
Materials are characterized by the compactness with which their weight is packed within the space they occupy. We measure the packing of the weight in a material with the quantity of specific weight, which is the weight of a unit volume of the material. The specific weight is usually symbolized by the Greek letter gamma (γ) and is measured in pounds per cubic inches or in pounds per cubic feet (lb/in3 or lb/ft3) in English units or in Newtons per cubic meter in SI units (N/m3). A similar, and perhaps more common, measure of how compact is a material is the density, which is the mass of the material per unit volume. The physical quantity of mass is difficult to define in simple terms and will be omitted here. Under standard conditions, the specific weight of air is 0.0764 lb/ft3 and of water is 62.3 lb/ft3 or 0.036 lb/in3 (at 70oF). Most people find it strange to think of the weight of air. The concept will become clear when we discuss hydrostatics and the effect of the weight of the air in the atmosphere.
Fundamental Concepts
Published in William S. Janna, Introduction to Fluid Mechanics, Sixth Edition, 2020
One quantity of importance related to density is specific weight. Whereas density is mass per unit volume, specific weight is weight per unit volume. Specific weight is related to density by SW=ρg
Process-based approach on tidal inlet evolution – Part 1
Published in C. Marjolein Dohmen-Janssen, Suzanne J.M.H. Hulscher, River, Coastal and Estuarine Morphodynamics: RCEM 2007, 2019
D.M.P.K. Dissanayake, J.A. Roelvink
where z = the position of a particle with respect an established datum; p = the pressure acting on this particle; γ= the specific weight that is defined as the product of the density multiplied by the local gravitational acceleration g;v is the average velocity of the flow; s=a defined trajectory and t = time. The specific weight is directly related with the density of the fluid in motion, thus if the density of the fluid change, the specific weight changes as well.
Single-phase SPH modelling of plunge pool dynamic pressures at a near-prototype scale
Published in Journal of Hydraulic Research, 2021
Andreia B. Moreira, Pedro A. Manso, Damien Violeau, Francisco Taveira-Pinto
The non-dimensional mean dynamic pressure coefficients, were determined following the expression: where is the mean pressure at the stagnation point, is the water’s specific weight, is the modulus of gravitational acceleration and is a correction coefficient for the kinetic energy as a function of the mean jet exit velocity . At high-velocity jets, such as those being tested, a typical value for is 1.05 (Bollaert, 2002).
Investigate the effect of using polymeric anti-stripping additives on moisture damage of hot mix asphalt
Published in European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 2021
Gholam Hossein Hamedi, Ali Sahraei, Mohamad Reza Esmaeeli
The dynamic contact angle between asphalt binders and a test liquid in the immersion process is called the advancing contact angle, while the dynamic contact angle in the pulling out process is called the receding contact angle. When a plate is suspended in the air, Equation (16) is used to determine the force required to keep it in the balanced condition. where, is the force needed to hold the plate in the balanced condition, is the metal plate weight, is the asphalt binder weight, V is the asphalt binder volume, g is the local gravity acceleration and ρ is the specific weight of air.
Numerical simulations of liquefaction resistance of seabed under wave conditions
Published in Coastal Engineering Journal, 2018
Jin-feng Zhang, Bin Deng, Tong-Qing Chen, Bing Yan, Bao-Qing Chen
where is the total stress tensor; is the effective stress tensor; is the pore-water pressure; I is the unit stress tensor; is the coefficient of the isotropic permeability of soil; is the specific weight of water; is the soil porosity; is the displacement of soil skeleton; and is the bulk modulus of elasticity of water, which can be obtained by the saturation Sr,, in which is the bulk modulus of pure water, approximately , and is the standard atmospheric pressure.