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The ship
Published in Alan E. Branch, Michael Robarts, Branch's Elements of Shipping, 2014
Alan E. Branch, Michael Robarts
Scantlings are the dimensions of the structural parts of the ship which embrace size of frames, beams, steel plating, bulkheads and decks. A vessel built to the full scantlings would have the maximum draught when the freeboard measured from the loadline to the deckline (the upper side of the continuous main deck or freeboard deck which is equipped with permanent means of closing all openings to the elements) is at its minimum.
A re-evaluation of the hull girder shakedown limit states
Published in Ships and Offshore Structures, 2019
A ship hull girder undergoes significant longitudinal bending due to the imbalanced distribution of its weight and the buoyancy (still-water bending moment) as well as the external wave actions (wave-induced bending moment). Therefore, the longitudinal strength of a ship hull girder becomes one of the most fundamental aspects of the ship structural integrity (Yao and Fujikubo 2016). Two philosophies are commonly employed in the design of ship structures, namely the allowable stress principle and the limit state design. In the former, the determination of structural scantlings are based on the criterion that maximum resultant stress under a prescribed loading does not exceed the allowable stress specified by relevant stakeholders. Although the allowable stress principle provides practical design guidelines, it is not able to determine the true safety margin against extreme conditions for ship structures. To this regard, a limit state design philosophy can be employed where all of the possible failure modes are explicitly taken into account in the estimation of structural capacity (Paik and Thayamballi 2003). Four limit states are commonly identified for ship structures, namely serviceability limit state, ultimate limit state, fatigue limit state and accidental limit state.