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Social Innovation and Entrepreneurship
Published in Johan Meyer, Zach Simpson, Suné von Solms, Projects as Socio-Technical Systems in Engineering Education, 2018
Nickey Janse van Rensburg, Naudé Malan
To create something new implies producing some difference, and this difference is produced through the interaction of elements in a system (Hillier, 2013, p. 171). Deleuze uses the metaphor of a rhizome (an underground root or tuber with multiple roots that cross each other) to describe this. Hillier (2013, p. 172) characterises ‘the fabric of the rhizome [as] … conjunction … connecting elements, issues and ideas’ and notes the rhizome as ‘a process of networked, relational and transversal thought’ that ‘challenge and transform structures of reified, fixed and static thought into a “milieu of perpetual transformation”’. The ‘new’ is always made up of the ‘old’, albeit radically reconfigured and surprising [see the study by Tremblay and Pilati (2013)]. Deleuze’s ideas of social innovation are useful in resisting dominant practices by reference to the creative production of difference; it offers suggestions on how to strategically construct alternatives to dominance. Such alternatives emerge after ‘transverse’ production of difference that crosses current patterns in society diagonally, which indicates creative, transformative, experimental and thus ‘innovative’ action (Hillier, 2013, p. 170). As such, we define social innovation, from this perspective, as ‘an ethical re/making of social space, which affords people economic, social, governmental and/or political agency in their own development’ (Hillier, 2013, p. 169).
Collaborative fashion consumption in the sharing economy: Philosophical and aesthetic perspectives
Published in Journal of Global Fashion Marketing, 2020
The score sheet comprises a complex combination of the dissonant and various chords by the Italian avant-garde composer Sylvano Bossotti, who appears in the first chapter of Mile Plateaux (A thousand plateaus) by Deleuze and Guattari (1987). Mile Plateaux is a symbol to vividly indicate the main perspective of the two authors. The musical notes in the score reveal a complicated relationship that is similar to irregular vibration through various variations. This aggregation of complex threads is like stem plants tangled together. According to Deleuze and Guattari (1987), every point should be connected without consideration of the specific social layers or positions, and they explained the principle of interconnection that is the core norm of rhizome. The notion of rhizome, they described, is decentralised, non-hierarchical, constantly escaping from the original meaning of any points and expanding to form a relational network. These active movements are able to be understood as the process to create the organic lump. In other words, it is the objective of rhizome to make and to share continual values through unifying diverse fragrant elements. In this perspective, the epistemological systems of humans and the diverse phenomenological issues in contemporary society can be interpreted through the concept of rhizome, and the new social values are able to be created at the unlimited interconnection forming a close-knit community. Therefore, contemporary society has been transforming from the vertical to the horizontal structure based on co-evolution process.
Programming, mathematical reasoning and sense-making
Published in International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, 2022
Applying the principles of variation theory to sense-making and reasoning when programming and mathematics interact in the classroom means trying to expose the critical aspects (e.g. Marton, 2015) of the reasoning and sense-making. In this article, the unit of analysis has four dimensions: concepts in geometry, concepts in Scratch programming, intended critical aspects, and lived critical aspects. Reasoning and sense-making are closely related to each other and to these dimensions in the manner of a ‘rhizome’. From a post-structuralist philosophical perspective, the rhizome (Deleuze & Guattari, 1987) enables a constant interplay between materials and theory that gives rise to a dynamic model for understanding what features of tasks allow students to experience reasoning and sense-making and what features are discerned by students. The rhizome concept is used to perceive the intended and lived critical aspects (in both mathematics and programming) as assemblages of words, ideas, concepts, and countless other things that are related to one another but are also distinct. Each assemblage is a constellation of heterogeneous elements and is understood as comprising processes or connections (Freitas, 2012). According to Deleuze and Guattari (1987), the characteristics of a rhizome, among other things, are: connection (new connections are created at every point);heterogeneity (associating and linking elements of quite different types);multiplicity (creating a whole with specific properties that cannot be explained by adding the separate properties of individual parts);rupture (the ability of growth to start again along an old line or along a new line if an old line is broken at any place); andcartography (no beginning or end, but all points may serve as points of departure).