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Is There an Ethical Obligation to Act Sustainably?
Published in Jean Russ, Sustainability and Design Ethics, 2018
In the seventeenth century, philosophers assessed the world in terms of primary and secondary qualities. Primary qualities consisted of the physical aspects of an object: its size, weight, material, how it moved, and similar characteristics that embodied the thing. Secondary qualities were those things that existed because of the interaction of the object and the observer. Characteristics such as color, taste, feel, and smell were functions of the interaction between observer and object; consequently, these secondary qualities were believed not to be entirely of the object itself. The role of science then was to describe the primary qualities of a thing. Secondary characteristics were not the purview of science.10 In the intervening years, as science provided a clearer understanding, the lines between primary and secondary qualities blurred, so that, today, such distinctions are not routinely thought to exist.
Machine Learning Techniques and Big Data Analysis for Internet of Things Applications: A Review Study
Published in Cybernetics and Systems, 2022
Fei Wang, Hongxia Wang, Omid Ranjbar Dehghan
Ma et al. (2017) investigated how big data can be integrated into the IoT infrastructure of a smart city. Using big data as a technology for smart city systems has been the goal of this study. Intelligent cloud-based applications use the big data and IoT in Smart Cities Architecture (SCA). As part of the SCA framework, cloud computing, storage devices, and end users are included. The components of this design are explained in terms of their primary qualities, which, when combined, form a solid foundation for the construction of the smart or intelligent city. Sun et al. (2016) presented a new architectural concept for Tresight, an Italian city. This strategy has four suggested levels of materials. Tresight simulates human decision-making using massive amounts of data from the IoT. The system consists of several layers, including measurement, reaction, networking, and data. The archiving and processing of data are handled by MongoDB, and the analysis of data is handled by Hadoop. The research contains of 3 components: foresight, vision, and perspective. Statistical analysis can provide three kinds of knowledge: insight, perspective, and foresight. Statistics can be used to obtain three different types of information: vision, insight, and understanding. Content analysis is vital to delivering user recommendations and services.