China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Marine Polysaccharides from Algae
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Wen-Yu Lu, Hui-Jing Li, Yan-Chao Wu
Other pharmacological activities attributed to the presence of polysaccharides in seaweed have been reported in the literature (Table 4.8). Cui et al. showed that fucoidan component NP2 extracted from brown algae Pheophyceae Nemacytus decipiens can increase the percentage of plasma t-PA/PAI-1 levels, indicating that it has high fibrinolytic activity, which means that it may be used as a new antithrombotic compound (Cui et al., 2018). The sulfated ramified polysaccharide (CP2–1) isolated from green algae Codium divaricatum has high dose-dependent anticoagulant activity (Li et al., 2015). The low-molecular-weight (LMW) fucoidan (Mn = 7.3 kDa and Mw = 7.6 kDa) isolated from brown algae Laminaria japonica showed better oral absorption and stronger antithrombotic activity (Zhao et al., 2016). The analysis of activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) (14.11 and 8.23 IU/mg) showed that the sulfated polysaccharide isolated from the red marine algae Gracilaria debilis had important anticoagulant ability (Sadhasivam et al., 2015).
Algae as a Source of Polysaccharides and Potential Applications
Published in Sanjeet Mehariya, Shashi Kant Bhatia, Obulisamy Parthiba Karthikeyan, Algal Biorefineries and the Circular Bioeconomy, 2022
Sonal Tiwari, E Amala Claret, Vikas S. Chauhan
In blood coagulation, fucoidan fraction from Nemacystus decipiens can increase the amount of plasminogen activator inhibitor: tissue plasminogen activator, which has fibrinolytic activity and can be utilized as an antithrombotic medication. The administration of low molecular weight fucoidan decreased the development of arterial thrombosis (Cui et al., 2018). Fucoidans isolated from Ecklonia cava were investigated for their anticoagulant effects by measuring prothrombin time, thrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time (Athukorala et al., 2006). The anticoagulant activity of a sulfated ramified polysaccharide isolated from Codium divaricatum was shown to be dose-dependent (Li et al., 2015). The synthesis and distribution of sulphate groups in the structure of sulfated galactan impact venous antithrombotic and anticoagulant properties. There are also higher anticoagulant effects with higher sulfate-content carrageenans, such as λ-carrageenans, than with lower sulfate-content carrageenans like κ-carrageenans (Necas and Bartosikova, 2013).
Green Synthesis of Silver (Ag), Gold (Au), and Silver–Gold (Ag–Au) Alloy Nanoparticles: A Review on Recent Advances, Trends, and Biomedical Applications
Published in Deepak Kumar Verma, Megh R. Goyal, Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Nanotechnology and Nanomaterial Applications in Food, Health, and Biomedical Sciences, 2019
Joseph Adetunji Elegbede, Agbaje Lateef
Kim et al.69 also studied the green synthesis of AuNPs with aqueous extract of earthworm. The development of a wine red color during synthesis indicated the formation of the EW-AuNPs with surface plasmon resonance at 533 nm. The FTIR spectrum based on the shifts in band for both the aqueous extract and the synthesized EW-AuNPs suggested that the proteins/peptides in the extract most probably accounted for the reduction of Au3+ to produce the EW-AuNPs. FE-SEM analysis revealed that the EW-AuNPs were cubic and block-shaped, while the TEM analysis indicated the particles as mainly spherical-shaped possessing mean size of 6.13 nm. The XRD pattern showed peaks at 38.3°, 44.7°, 64.7°, and 77.4°, which are typical of the (111), (200), (220), and (311) planes of crystalline Au. The particles improved anticoagulant activity of heparin in activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) assay. The clotting times of the deionized water (negative control) and heparin (positive control) were 44.1 and 50.8 s, respectively. No considerable anticoagulant activities were prominent in the extract (47.2 s), the EW-AuNPs (44.8 s), or in combination of heparin with extract (50.9 s). However, in experiment whereby heparin was combined with EW-AuNPs, there was prolonged clotting time (60.4 s), which indicated performance improvement of 118.9% and 134.8% compared with clotting times at the same concentrations for heparin and EW-AuNPs alone, respectively.
Degradable porous carboxymethyl chitin hemostatic microspheres
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2020
Yong Zhao, Jiazhen Li, Fan Leng, Siyao Lv, Wei Huang, Weiqing Sun, Xulin Jiang
To explore the effect on the activation of blood plasma coagulation, the coagulation experiments including clotting time (CT), prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) of different samples were tested. The anticoagulant citrated whole blood was prepared as above and the platelet poor plasma (PPP) was obtained by centrifuging the anticoagulant whole blood at 3000 rpm/min for 20 min. The sample was dispersed in saline with a concentration of 10 mg/mL at 37 °C. To pre-incubated 50 μL PPP and 50 μL aPPT reagent at 37 °C, 10 μL sample dispersion was added and mixed for 3 min, and then added with 50 μL of 0.025 mol/L CaCl2. The mixture was stirred immediately with a fine needle before coagulation and the aPTT (s) was recorded. The saline without any sample was served as the negative control. Similarly, 10 μL sample dispersion was added to 50 μL PPP and incubated at 37 °C for 3 min, then added with 100 μL of PT reagent. The mixture was stirred until coagulation and the PT (s) was recorded [23]. For the CT test, 10 mg sample was added directly to 1 mL citrated whole blood in tube and pre-warmed at 37 °C. Timing was started when 0.1 mL of 0.2 M CaCl2 solution was added into the tube. The mixture was inverted every minute until the blood/sample aggregate completely ceased to flow, and the time was recorded. The citrated blood added to the blank tube was served as the control. All experimental groups and controls were run five times (n = 5) [24].
Cholesterol removal from human plasma with biologically modified cryogels
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2019
Gizem Uzunoğlu, Duygu Çimen, Nilay Bereli, Kemal Çetin, Adil Denizli
The interactions between human blood and cryogel matrices were investigated by measuring the following parameters; coagulation time (CT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) [25]. P(HEMA) and P(HEMA)-Hp cryogels were kept in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.4) at room temperature for 24 h. Then the cryogels were washed with 0.5 M NaCl solution and DW. Fresh frozen human plasma (0.1 mL) was preheated to 37 °C for 2.0 min and cryogels were treated with the human plasma. The clotting time was measured using the fibrometer method [26]. For APTT and PT, before adding cryogels, 0.3 mL of partial thromboplastin (bioMerieux, Marcy-l’Etoile, France) was also added to preheated human plasma. Then, the cryogel samples were treated with this solution and CaCl2 (0.1 ml, 0.025 M) was also added after 30 s. APTT and PT were found out using the fibrometer method [25, 27].
Calcium content mediated hemostasis of calcium-modified oxidized microporous starch
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2018
Junxia Yu, Huantong Su, Shuda Wei, Fangping Chen, Changsheng Liu
A coagulation time test was performed to evaluate clotting time (CT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT)，prothrombin time (PT) and thrombin time (TT). These factors were then used to characterize the relationship between calcium content and hemostatic effects. CT was tested according to the modified procedure of Shih et al. [26] Citrated rabbit blood (0.5 mL) was mixed with samples and pre-warmed to 37 °C. The coagulation reaction was begun by adding 50 μL of 0.2 M CaCl2 solution. The tubes were incubated at 37 °C, and timing was begun. Complete coagulation was considered when the blood could not flow through the inverting tube, at which time the timer was immediately stopped. Blood treated with Arista and untreated blood was selected as positive and negative controls, respectively.