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Natural Resources and Environmental Management: Prospects and Challenge
Published in Rohini Prasad, Manoj Kumar Jhariya, Arnab Banerjee, Advances in Sustainable Development and Management of Environmental and Natural Resources, 2021
Manoj Kumar Jhariya, Arnab Banerjee, Rohini Prasad
Markets value in the private sector as well as in the decision making process needs to be explored properly to achieve sustainability. Valuation of extra market value is a biggest challenge as with increased supply of resources there is a faster growth of the economy. Valuation of some non-marketable goods such as value for recreation, value for clean water and air is very tough as there is no proper market for these resources. Under these circumstances, additional cost such as pollution cost should be included while calculating the expenditure and investment of a particular resource. Future research should be aimed towards reforming the system of national accounts, considering the environmental degradation as an important factor in the account system. Satellite-based technology can be used to assess the quality and quantity of resources present in the form of natural capital. It would also help to detect the associated changes in the NR. The threats of irreversibility in terms of exhaustible resources are another critical issue that needs to properly address through R&D activities. The main motto behind such approaches is to reduce the level of losses. Effectivity of economic incentive and subsidy along with economic rights for a particular resource needs to be properly defined so that one can arrest the process of overexploi-tation and therefore depletion of NR base.
Ecological footprinting and other standards
Published in David Thorpe, ‘One Planet’ Cities, 2019
The SEEA framework is a standard rule book used by all countries, giving rise to standardised data.20 It provides the data used by the Global Footprint Network to calculate countries’ ecological footprints. It follows a similar accounting structure to the well-established System of National Accounts, in order to be compatible with each country’s already-collected conventional economic statistics associated with production. To them are added environmental data areas of agriculture, forestry and fisheries, air pollution, energy, environmental activities, ecosystem land accounts, material flows and water. It is flexible enough to be both adaptable to different countries’ priorities and policy needs, and to provide a common framework, concepts, terms and definitions.
Construction products and producers
Published in Rick Best, Jim Meikle, Describing Construction, 2023
The UN System of National Accounts (SNA) provides a framework for the preparation of each country’s national accounts and, within that, the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) provides a structure for the recording of production data in national accounts (UN 2008). The Nomenclature Generale des Activities Economiques dans les Communautes Europeenes (NACE) produced by the Statistical Office of the European Community (Eurostat) represents another framework that is compatible with the SNA and is the immediate statistical basis for the UK national accounts. The statistical classification of economic activities in the European Community (Eurostat 2008) states that NACE Rev 2 is ‘based on ISIC Rev 4 and adapted to European circumstances’. The UK SIC is published by the UK Office of National Statistics (ONS). The first version of the UK SIC was published in 1948 and there have been seven versions since; the current version was published in 2007(ONS 2007). It describes Section F: Construction as follows: ‘This section includes general construction and specialised construction activities for building and civil engineering works. It includes new work, repair, additions and alterations, the erection of prefabricated buildings or structures on the site and also construction of a temporary nature.’‘…. This section also includes the development of building projects for building or civil engineering works by bringing together financial, technical and physical means to realise the construction projects for later sale.’ That wording indicates the range of activities covered by ‘construction’.
Methods for forecasting the market penetration of electric drivetrains in the passenger car market
Published in Transport Reviews, 2018
Patrick Jochem, Jonatan J. Gómez Vilchez, Axel Ensslen, Johannes Schäuble, Wolf Fichtner
CGE models are mainly based on data from the system of national accounts or the input–output matrix (Miller & Blair, 2009) and can have microeconomic foundations such as technical production limitations (Böhringer, Löschel, & Rutherford, 2004). In this way, the models optimise at the macroeconomic level and assume utility-maximizing and representative individuals, complete markets without external effects and public goods, complete information, perfect competition, etc. CGE models often examine macroeconomic issues, which today typically have an empirical background (Böhringer et al., 2004). By limiting the market outcome to economic equilibrium, their results are limited from an empirical perspective – particularly in non-Walrasian market situations. However, recent CGE models allow deviation from the equilibrium (e.g. Sampson, 2013). Calibrating the model is still a challenge and is mainly based on values from the literature or estimated by econometric approaches and confirmed by a sensitivity analysis (Boulanger & Bréchet, 2002). If correctly calibrated, CGE models are especially suited to determining long-term forecasts.
Energy system transitions and macroeconomic assessment of the Indian building sector
Published in Building Research & Information, 2019
Saritha S. Vishwanathan, Panagiotis Fragkos, Kostas Fragkiadakis, Leonidas Paroussos, Amit Garg
The model is calibrated on social accounting matrices for each country, which are constructed based on the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) database and additional data from national accounts and inter-institutional transactions. The representation of consumption is based on a representative household that maximizes its utility. The firm’s investment behaviour is based on Tobin’s Q. Households decide on the purpose of consumption, which is then translated into consumption for goods through a fixed-factor consumption matrix. Investment demand is translated to capital goods through an investment matrix as presented in Figure 3.
Evaluation of the efficiency of fixed assets of economic sectors based on index analysis
Published in Journal of Management Analytics, 2022
Alisa Ableeva, Guzel Salimova, Tatiana Lubova, Almira Farrahetdinova, Raisa Siraeva
The stated assumptions and estimates indicate the possibility of using index factor analysis to study the processes inherent in various economic systems. The analysis technique used to study the influence of factors on GRP and fixed assets can be applied to analyze various socio-economic phenomena: reproduction and living standards of the population; a system of national accounts; differentiation of wages; as well as in research at the level of economic entities, regions, industries.