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Natural Ventilation and Thermal Comfort
Published in Ulrike Passe, Francine Battaglia, Designing Spaces for Natural Ventilation, 2015
Ulrike Passe, Francine Battaglia
The metabolic rate of occupants indicates the major activity undertaken by the occupants and the energy produced and released by that activity. This energy is important as energy load for the cooling energy needed, but it is also an indication of the rate at which heat is dissipated from the body and influences the air temperature at which occupants experience comfort depending on their activity. The metabolic equivalent of task (MET) is the ratio of metabolic rate when working to the metabolic rate when resting.
New insight for activity intensity relativity, metabolic expenditure during object projection skill performance
Published in Journal of Sports Sciences, 2018
Ryan S. Sacko, Kerry McIver, Ali Brian, David F. Stodden
Physical Activity Guidelines state that adults should participate in 30 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per day or 150 minutes per week and adolescence to participate in a minimum of 60 minutes or more of MVPA every day to achieve substantial health benefits (Haskell et al., 2007). However, only 20% of adults in the United States actually meet these guidelines (Prevention & Promotion, 2011). Performing activities that involve continuous/repetitive locomotor movements such as jogging or participating in activities like soccer or tennis are generally promoted to achieve these guidelines (Eisenmann, Wickel, Welk, & Blair, 2005; Farpour-Lambert et al., 2009; Nourry et al., 2005) as they have been noted to require high energy expenditure levels measured in “METs” (Ainsworth et al., 2011). A MET (metabolic equivalent of task) is the standard unit of energy expenditure and the physiological equivalent to the energy required during resting metabolism, or 3.5 mL of oxygen/kg of body weight/minute in adults (Jetté, Sidney, & Blümchen, 1990). Activities that require at least 3 METs are classified as moderate intensity activity in adults, with >6 METs being classified as vigorous activities (Ainsworth et al., 2011; Passmore & Durnin, 1955). METs have traditionally been measured in a controlled laboratory setting, using a treadmill and fixed expired gas analyzing equipment that requires the user to remain in a structured environment. Advancements in portable gas analyzers allow for validated estimated measurement of METs in a variety of dynamic tasks by allowing for increased freedom of movement outside a controlled laboratory environment (Pinnington, Wong, Tay, Green, & Dawson, 2001).
Investigating the effect of bouncing type on the physiological demands of trampolining
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2021
Tane Clement, Keith Alexander, Nick Draper
Tracking the intensity of an exercise programme is important, as it provides information about the resultant training adaptions. The intensity at which exercise is performed alters the stimulus experienced by the body and, therefore, the adaptions incurred (MacInnis & Gibala, 2017). Subjective measures of intensity are unreliable as they are influenced by the participant’s biases (Scherr et al., 2013; Borg, 1982). Objective measures are better suited for comparing intensities, as the participant’s perspective cannot alter the measure. There are many objective measures which are commonly used to quantify intensity during exercise such as percentage of maximum heart rate, rate of energy expenditure (EE)(kJ/min), rate of perceived exertion (RPE) or percentage of maximum . A metabolic equivalent of task (MET)(kcal/kg/hr) is a method of expressing EE which allows comparison between different exercise modes. One MET represents resting EE (Ainsworth et al., 1993). Currently, the literature surrounding trampolining and the physiological responses to it are limited. This makes quantifying EE during trampolining difficult as no consensus exists among the literature for the exact rate of EE for trampolining. Trampolining has been shown to have a similar oxygen consumption rate to running for a similar intensity (Bhattacharya, McCutcheon, Shvartz, & Greenleaf, 1980). The Compendium of Physical Activities (Ainsworth et al., 2011) lists the MET value of recreational trampolining at 3.5 METs and competitive trampolining at 4.5 METs, but both of these values are acknowledged to be estimates only. A 2009 study (Arvidsson, Slinde, & Hulthén, 2009) found a METs value of 6.9 METs while trampolining, almost double the estimated value from the Compendium of Physical Activities. EE while using a mini-trampoline has been more thoroughly explored (Cugusi et al., 2016, 2017; Höchsmann, Rossmeissl, Baumann, Infanger, & Schmidt-Trucksäss, 2018), but comparison between the findings for mini-trampolines and full-sized trampolines is more difficult, due to the differences in size of the jumping bed. On a mini-trampoline, the bounce is often focused on a downward push into the trampoline mat, rather than an upward movement, which may significantly affect EE (McGlone, Kravitz, & Janot, 2002).