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Plant-Derived Edible Nanoparticles in Cancer Drug Delivery
Published in Hala Gali-Muhtasib, Racha Chouaib, Nanoparticle Drug Delivery Systems for Cancer Treatment, 2020
Siavash Iravani, Ghazaleh Jamalipour Soufi
The RNA, lipid, and protein contents in PDENs differ from those found in mammalian exosomes [8]. For instance, grape exosome-like NPs (GELNs) contained 96 miRNAs and 28 identified proteins [9]. In comparison, mammalian exosomes typically contain 100–300 miRNAs and more than 1,000 proteins. In terms of the lipid profile, mammalian exosomes are generally rich in cholesterol and sphingomyelin but have only low levels of phosphatidylethanolamine and the mitogenic compound, phosphatidic acid (PA). In contrast, GELNs were found to have 98% phospholipids (approximately, 50% of which was PA) and 2% typical plant lipids (for example, galactolipids). Phosphatidic acid was reported to interact with mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and was shown to trigger cell growth and proliferation [10]. In addition, the mitogenic phospholipid PA is highly fusogenic in the presence of calcium, and therefore, it has been postulated to induce inter-vesicular fusion [11].
Seaweeds
Published in Parimelazhagan Thangaraj, Phytomedicine, 2020
L. Stanley Abraham, Vasantharaja Raguraman, R. Thirugnanasambandam, K. M. Smitha, D. Inbakandan, P. Premasudha
Maeda et al. (2009) studied the fucoxanthin and fucoxanthinol downregulate the proliferator-activated receptor gamma and, in turn, inhibit adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. Jeon et al. (2010) experimented to find that the ethanolic extract of the fucoxanthin extract from U. pinnatifida improved the lipid profile in mice by lowering the triglyceride and cholesterol levels.
A Life Cycle Assessment of Biodiesel Production
Published in Bhaskar Singh, Ramesh Oraon, Advanced Nanocatalysts for Biodiesel Production, 2023
Mariany Costa Deprá, Patrícia Arrojo da Silva, Paola Lasta, Leila Queiroz Zepka, Eduardo Jacob-Lopes
In terms of biodiesel, it is essential to approach issues such as content and lipid profile. In this way, this culture presents about 18–21% oil content (Bergmann, et al., 2013). In addition, this fraction is characterized by having mainly compounds such as palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid (Liu et al., 2008) (Table 11.1).
The effect of 10 days of energy-deficit diet and high-intensity exercise training on the plasma high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) level among healthy collegiate males
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2022
Mohamed Nashrudin Naharudin, Ashril Yusof
In general, the term lipid profile refers to circulating lipid entities such as triglycerides, cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) and high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) which are important biomarkers for overall health and the risk of cardiovascular heart diseases (CHDs) (Ali, Wonnerth, Huber, & Wojta, 2012; Kosmas et al., 2018). Moderate dietary deprivation practice i.e. omitting 20–40% of daily calorie intake (Ferguson et al., 2009; Fontana, Meyer, Klein, & Holloszy, 2004; Rolland, Mavroeidi, Johnston, & Broom, 2013) and endurance-type physical activity (Ali et al., 2012; Kiens et al., 1980; Leaf, 2003; Leon, Rao, Skinner, Wilmore, & Bouchard, 2016; Lira et al., 2010; Wallace, Moffatt, Haymes, & Green, 1991) have been widely recommended as effective and cost-free strategies to improve the lipid profiles by increasing HDL and reducing TG and LDL. However, it is still unclear whether the combination of acute dietary deprivation and high-intensity training could lead to alterations in the lipid profiles and specifically HDL synthesis for better health outcomes.
Longitudinal association between moderate to vigorous physical activity and lipid profile indicators in adolescents
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2023
Arthur Oliveira Barbosa, Juliana Maria da Penha Freire Silva, Diego Júnio Silva, Tayse Guedes Cabral, Felipe Moreira de Jesus, Gerfeson Mendonça, Alcides Prazeres Filho, Ially Rayssa Dias Moura, Eduarda Cristina da Costa Silva, Sandro Raniel da Silva Rocha, José Cazuza Farias Júnior
Systematic reviews have demonstrated that physical exercise has a beneficial effect on lipid profile indicators (Costa, Barroso, Reichert, Vieira, & Kruel, 2020; Escalante, Saavedra, García-Hermoso, & Domínguez, 2012; García-Hermoso, Ramírez-Vélez, Ramírez-Campillo, Peterson, & Martínez-Vizcaíno, 2018). In addition, it has been observed that moderate aerobic exercises contributed to a decline in TG levels (Escalante et al., 2012) and that combined high-intensity exercises (aerobic + resistance) raised HDL-C levels (Escalante et al., 2012) and reduced their TC and LDL-C counterparts (García-Hermoso et al., 2018). These results show that physical exercise has a beneficial effect on lipid profile indicators and may vary with the intensity at which it is performed. However, in these studies the frequency, duration and intensity of physical activities were controlled and do not represent the PA pattern of adolescents (Holman, Carson, & Janssen, 2011; Mendonca, Cheng, & Farias Junior, 2018) and it is difficult to extrapolate these effects to the daily situations of this population. In this respect, it is important to investigate whether the effects of physical exercise on lipid profile indicators are also a response to the PA of adolescents in their daily life. Based on the findings of experimental studies, we hypothesise that longer time engaged in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is associated with higher HDL-c and lower TC, TG, LDL-c, non-HDL-c, TC/HDLc and TG/HDL-c. We also presume that the magnitudes of these associations vary with PA intensity, with vigorous physical activity (VPA) more strongly associated with higher HDL-c levels and lower TC and LDL-c, while moderate physical activity (MPA) is more strongly associated with lower TG levels.