China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Deep Eutectic Solvents
Published in Papu Kumar Naik, Nikhil Kumar, Nabendu Paul, Tamal Banerjee, Deep Eutectic Solvents in Liquid–Liquid Extraction, 2023
Papu Kumar Naik, Nikhil Kumar, Nabendu Paul, Tamal Banerjee
Eutectic metals may be thought of as eutectic atom mixtures because metals are atomic in nature. Metal may also be conceived of as a collection of fixed nuclei and free electrons; hence, eutectic metals are made up of cations and electrons (Figure 1.4). Anions and cations are found in both salts and eutectic salts, albeit the latter contains a wider diversity of ions than the former. Similarly, eutectic molecular liquids have a simple composition. The term DES refers to a group of ion–molecule pairings. Different eutectics compositions can be utilized to infer their properties. Electronic conductivity exists in a system with free electrons, whereas ionic conductivity exists in a system with ions. Regardless of composition changes, the eutectic principle stays the same. In the next sections, we look at how eutectics are created in-depth.
Solid Polymer Electrolyte Membranes
Published in Asit Baran Samui, Smart Polymers, 2022
Swati S. Rao, Manoranjan Patri
The ionic conductivity can be measured by using alternative or direct current methods. The former is more suitable with a fixed frequency or applying transient techniques. The ionic conductivity depends not only on the synthesis parameters but also on the synthesis procedure.
Electroactive Polymers for Batteries
Published in Inamuddin, Mohd Imran Ahamed, Rajender Boddula, Adil A. Gobouri, Electroactive Polymeric Materials, 2022
Roger Gonçalves, Kaique Afonso Tozzi, Ernesto Chaves Pereira
Apart from the techniques and polymers already discussed, POE is the most promising. Its low cost and environmentally friendly characteristics address the need for versatile materials, and combine the easiness of production with interesting electrochemical properties that can be applied in solid state batteries, which is an example of its high ionic conductivity.109,110
Strategy for building training set for neural-network potentials for ionic diffusion in solids: example for hydride-ion diffusion in LaHO
Published in Science and Technology of Advanced Materials: Methods, 2023
The solid ionic conductors with high ionic conductivity have wide range of applications in fuel cells, batteries and sensors. Specifically, fast -conductors, such as yttria-doped zirconia (YSZ) or gadolinia-doped ceria (GDC), are common electrolytes in solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) [1,2]. Also, the -conducting porous Ni/YSZ and Ni/GDC compounds are successfully used as anode materials [3,4], whereas -conducting (LSCF) is a common cathode material in SOFCs [5]. The high ionic conductivity in solids has been recently reported also for ions in the novel -conductors, such as , which makes these conductors utilizable as battery electrolytes, as part of battery electrodes, and in hydrogen batteries [6,7].
Physical, mechanical, and electrical properties of rice starch-based films plasticised by ionic liquid
Published in Indian Chemical Engineer, 2022
Joydev Roy, Suvendu Bhattacharya, Partha Pratim Sahu, Amit Baran Das
The developed starch film showed heat generation characteristics when placed in an electrical potential difference. Due to high resistivity and low conductivity, the native film did not show heat generation due to variation in electrical potential difference (Figure 3). Generally, ionic conductivity is proportional to the number of charge carrier ions and their mobility. The conductivity of the film increased in presence of IL and thereby electrical energy was converted into thermal energy. Moreover, due to an increase in IL concentration, the conductivity of the film increased and showed higher thermal energy. The applied high electrical potential difference on the film yielded a high quantity of heat generation (Figure 3). The film with 4% IL showed a temperature of 45°C in 30V within 30 s of application of electrical potential. Moreover, the 4%IL showed the characteristic of a semiconductor in nature (Fig. S1 in Supplementary section).
Health condition estimation of spacecraft key components using belief rule base
Published in Enterprise Information Systems, 2021
Xilang Tang, Xueqi Wang, Mingqing Xiao, Kai Leung Yung, Bin Hu
Besides, temperature is another important observation for health estimation of battery. When temperature is higher, the ionic conductivity increases and the reaction kinetics tends to be faster. Therefore, although the apparent performance and capacity seem to be higher, the actual available capacity is much lesser (Rufus, Lee, and Thakker (2008)). Accordingly, the mean temperature during the TIEDVD, simplified as MT, is as another input attribute. The lithium-ion batteries experiment data set from NASA is used in this paper. In the data set, each battery is run through three different operational profiles (charge, discharge and impedance) at room temperature, and only the discharge data is used in this paper. For discharge, there are fields including battery terminal voltage, battery temperature current measured at load, time vector for the cycle and capacity.