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Technology and applications of spatial light modulators
Published in John P. Dakin, Robert G. W. Brown, Handbook of Optoelectronics, 2017
The last decade (1990–2000) has witnessed additional important developments in LCD technology among which are the development of an efficient poly-silicon-based driver circuitry [62], as well as the in-plane switching mode (IPS) [63] and more recently a novel photo-polymerization alignment technique [64]. The poly-silicon driver technology allows an efficient electronic driver to be fabricated on the top of a glass-based substrate, thus enabling the fabrication of high performance, large panel LCDs for lap-top computers. The IPS mode significantly increases the viewing angle for an LCD display. Finally, the novel contact-less, photo-alignment (PAL) method allows the formation of multi-LC domains to reduce polarization dependence.
Liquid Crystal Cells
Published in Russell A. Chipman, Wai-Sze Tiffany Lam, Garam Young, Polarized Light and Optical Systems, 2018
Russell A. Chipman, Wai-Sze Tiffany Lam, Garam Young
The high color saturation, sufficient black levels, touch insensitivity, and the large viewing angle allowed IPS to initially penetrate the high-end markets, such as medical imaging. IPS then rapidly expanded market share in consumer applications, such as tablets, smartphones, and Apple’s Retina displays. IPS provides good color performance at high pixel densities and works well for touch screens. Compared to TN displays, IPS requires more power and is more expensive to manufacture, so TN has maintained some market share.
Azimuthal anchoring coefficients of nematic liquid crystals on polystyrene brushes formed at the air surface of block copolymer monolayers
Published in Liquid Crystals, 2020
Naoto Iwata, Yuzuka Yoshioka, Kenta Yazawa, Masatoshi Tokita
In previous works [2–5], we found that HDPBs could provide surfaces with small azimuthal anchoring coefficient (Aφ) for nematic liquid crystals (NLCs). The value of Aφ was 1/100 times as great as that of rubbed polyimide (RPI) films, which are widely used in liquid crystal displays (LCDs). Such a small Aφ surface can solve the shortcomings of the in-plane switching (IPS) mode that has been lately preferred for LCDs. Although IPS LCDs have excellent viewing angle characteristics, i.e. uniform grey level and colours across a large range of viewing angles, they require higher voltage and have lower transmittance than conventionally used twisted nematic (TN) LCDs. Decreasing the Aφ of the substrate surface can decrease the threshold voltage (Vth) of the LC orientation switching, thereby allowing the LCs above the electrodes to contribute to the switching process irrespective of the small in-plane electric field, resulting in higher transmittance.
Viewing-angle-switching film based on polymer dispersed liquid crystals for smart anti-peeping liquid crystal display
Published in Liquid Crystals, 2022
Zemin He, Wenbo Shen, Ping Yu, Yuzhen Zhao, Zhuang Zeng, Zeng Liang, Zhuo Chen, Huimin Zhang, Haiquan Zhang, Zongcheng Miao, Dong Wang
With the rapid advancement in the information industry, an increasing number of products for electronic information displays have been developed and become an inseparable part of our work, study and life. In some scenarios, the wide-viewing-angle (WVA) displays are expected to reveal the best experience of watching. For example, IPS display technology is characterised by a wide viewing angle (178°), high brightness and high reliability. This display technology has been widely used in mobile phones, laptops and liquid crystal displays (LCDs), and helps bring users a visual feast and enjoyment [1,2]. However, in other scenarios, some narrow-viewing-angle displays are desired because of the need for privacy protection. For instance, people are used to browsing information in public places through mobile phones, or in offices via computer laptops [3]. In this case, they are faced with the disclosure of private information, which may cause the loss of reputation and property. To protect the users’ private information, some peep-proof protection films have been developed and commercialised. As one of the most famous anti-peep films on the market, 3 M louvre film is developed via the unique global ultra-fine shutter optical patent technology. The film can be installed on displays to allow users to read the information exhibited on the screen within a visual angle of 60°, while anyone looking at the larger view angle can see nothing but black [4]. Nevertheless, the display installing the 3 M louvre film only presents the narrow viewing angle state, which cannot meet the needs that the protected state and unprotected state of the private information can be switched in one device. Therefore, a novel display that can be switched between WVA and narrow-viewing angles (NVA) in different states is eager [5–7].