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Design
Published in Wanda Grimsgaard, Design and Strategy, 2023
Human-centred design is a design approach that involves designing products, services, systems and experiences that meet the core needs of those who experience a problem. The designer and the client often focus on different extremes of the value chain12 of a product or service. While the client is concerned with profit at the end of the value chain, the designer focuses their attention on the start of the value chain in order to find out which need or problem the project should solve. Similarly, a technical developer and a designer may also have a different focus during the design process. While the developer may be most concerned with what is technically feasible, the designer will pay more attention to what serves the user best, what is user-friendly and functional. This should ideally be the designer’s focus.
Introduction
Published in Jim Goodell, Janet Kolodner, Learning Engineering Toolkit, 2023
Today human-centered design is used to better match product designs to the needs of the people who will use them. The process is being used to design everything from software user experiences to entire school districts.22 The process has been formalized as an international standard (ISO 9241-210) for developing interactive technology, but the concepts are the same even when applied to non-technical problems. With user-centered design: 23Designs use an explicit understanding of users, tasks, and environmentsUsers are involved throughout design and developmentThe design is driven and refined by user-centered evaluationThe process is iterativeThe design addresses the whole user experienceThe design team includes multidisciplinary skills and perspectives
Situated Design Thinking
Published in Yvonne Eriksson, Different Perspectives in Design Thinking, 2022
One answer to this can be the co-design approach, described by American design scholar Liz Sanders as a change of mindset. This mindset consists of considering all people as possible contributors to design, as long as the right tools are given for them to act. The rationale for a human-centred design approach is described as developing a deep understanding of the user’s needs, desires and boundaries to meet these with design (e.g.,Brown, 2008;Brown and Katz, 2011;Schneider and Stickdorn, 2011). Such a process is described in different ways, but with a common ground in being iterative and based in understanding the situation, empathizing with users and their context, as well as prototyping and testing in several steps to increase the understanding of what the solution needs to do. Austrian design scholar and consultant Marc Stickdorn believes that the difference in approach differs more in what methods are used than in the basic principles themselves: “Whatever you design, you must always understand the needs of users, you always work iteratively, you always have divergent and convergent phases” (Stickdorn et al., 2018). Regardless of which design thinking approach or method one employs, all phases are vital for the outcomes being a desirable, viable and feasible solution. However, what in some approaches are referred to as the understand or empathize phases, seems critical in terms of whose problem it identifies and explores, whose key concept the approach is being formulated upon, and what kind of thinking that is actually going on.
Delivering human-centred housing: understanding the role of post-occupancy evaluation and customer feedback in traditional and innovative social housebuilding in England
Published in Construction Management and Economics, 2023
This understanding of POE in construction has similarities with a user-centred design approach adopted by other industries. In particular, the basic principles of human-centred design include the central and participative role of the user in “an iterative design process, as well as the identification of user-specific factors to guide and assess the design” (Eggen et al. 2016, p. 2). In the fast-paced, competitive setting of a digitalizing world, industries from travel to manufacturing have transformed their processes and organizational structures, moving towards agile and iterative project approaches. The rise of Big Data companies, Internet of Things, e-governance, and e-learning are all evidence of the same direction of transformation. Effective user experience research has become an integral part of their production cycle and it allows for the testing of design prototypes and for tailoring to ensure the end product is designed to meet user needs (Gothelf and Seiden 2016). By capturing real-time user data, feedback loops from users inform product design and development which continuously modernize together with evolving user needs. The demand-driven nature of their businesses creates competition and, therefore, willingness to constantly improve the design quality of products.
What Are the Users’ Needs? Design of a User-Centered Explainable Artificial Intelligence Diagnostic System
Published in International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 2023
Xin He, Yeyi Hong, Xi Zheng, Yong Zhang
Recently, there has been a surge in studies calling for the inclusion of human-centered methods in XAI research, putting human users at the center of attention (Liao et al., 2020; Schoonderwoerd et al., 2021; Shneiderman, 2020a). As an emerging domain, researchers are discussing how to implement human-centered XAI at the conceptual, methodological, and technical levels (Ehsan et al., 2021; Shneiderman, 2020b; Stephanidis et al., 2019; Xu, 2020). The human-centered design focuses on understanding human needs and how the design responds to these needs (Melles et al., 2021; Saffer, 2010). Inspired by human-centered design methods, this study is dedicated to discovering users’ explanation needs in the medical domain.
Ethics and Fallacies of Human-Centric Lighting and Artificial Light at Night
Published in LEUKOS, 2021
Human-centered design is a problem-solving approach that focuses on people first—their productivity, comfort, and user experience. A bicycle should be designed with pedals, seat, handlebars, brakes, and gear shifters in ergonomically comfortable positions. The hardware and software that comprise tablets and cellular devices should intuitively enable a positive user experience. Placing humans first is a sensible approach in many design scenarios, especially when the device or technology will not substantially interact with non-human life.