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Intelligent Edge
Published in Haishi Bai, Zen of Cloud, 2019
In case you are curious, here's a brief list of onboard sensors and their readings on a DXChip IoT DevKit device: Temperature and relative humidity sensor (HTS221)Temperature reading between −40°C and +120°C.Humidity reading between 0% and 100%.Magnetometer (LIS2MDL)Magnetometers are often used as a compass to measure offsets from the north. The device provides 3-axis magnetic field channels with a range of ±50 gauss.Accelerometer and gyroscope (LSM6DSL)Accelerometers detect motion. The device can measure up to 16 g accelerations in three directions. Gyroscopes measure angular velocity. The device can measure up to 2000 dps rotations. Gyroscopes tend to drift. Their readings are often combined with accelerometer readings to get more stable results.Pressure (LPS22HB)Pressure ranges from 260 to 1260 hPa.
7 Coated Conductors
Published in David A. Cardwell, David C. Larbalestier, Aleksander I. Braginski, Handbook of Superconductivity, 2023
François Weiss, Carmen Jimenez
In an MOCVD process volatile precursor molecules are transported to the deposition chamber where they chemically react on the surface of a substrate and are transformed to the desired material. The total pressure in the gas phase is typically in the range of 1–1000 hPa. In this pressure range, many collisions take place in the gas phase and the transport is controlled by convection and diffusion. Diffusion processes are mainly located near the deposition surface. Homogeneous reactions in the gas phase during the transport should be avoided to keep a clean deposition process.
Basic principles
Published in Michael Talbot-Smith, Audio Engineer's Reference Book, 2012
Particle velocity is another useful parameter for graphical representation and this is also shown in Figure 1.38. Note that particle velocity and pressure are in phase since pressure arises from the impact of the moving particles, but pressure and particle displacement are 90° out of phase. In general, we shall refer only to pressure, this being the most important of the parameters as it is the sound-wave pressure which causes movements of microphone diaphragms and the human eardrum. Various units may be found to express root mean square (r.m.s) sound pressures. The generally preferred one is the pascal (Pa), which is equivalent to 1 newton per square metre (N/m2 ). Older literature may be found which uses dyne/cm2 . The relationship between these units is: 1 Pa D 1 N/m2 D 10 dyne/cm2 Sound-wave pressures fall in the range from 0.00002 Pa to around 200 Pa. (0.00002 Pa corresponds approximately to the pressure required to create an audible sensation in the average human ear at its most sensitive frequency. 200 Pa is around the pain threshold.) Other units, used mostly for static pressures, are the bar and the torr (T): 1 bar D 105 Pa 1 T D 133.322 Pa The bar is frequently used as a measure of water pressure and its subunit the millibar is well known from its appearance in meteorological charts. The use of the torr is generally confined to high vacuum work. Pressure on its own is a very useful unit, but it gives no indication of the available power or energy in a sound wave. For this the term intensity is used, the basic unit for which is watts per square metre (W/m2 ). However, sound-wave intensities are frequently so small that microwatts per square metre (W/m2 ) is usually more convenient. (Note that in everyday speech `intensity' is often equated with `loudness'. It is important to realize that these two quantities, although having some relationship, are in fact quite different.)
New line positions analysis of the 2ν 1 and ν 1 + ν 3 bands of NO2 at 3637.848 and 2906.070 cm−1
Published in Molecular Physics, 2020
Agnès Perrin, L. Manceron, F. Kwabia Tchana
The NO2 gas bottle used (Sigma-Aldrich, France 99.5%) was found to contain NO, N2O and other impurities at a much higher level than the stated purity. It was first purified following the standard procedure [3] by pumping on the frozen solid at about 200 K until the bluish colour due to the formation of N2O3 disappeared. This eliminated about 80% of the main impurities. We thus added a further step by letting 5 mmoles of the gas mixture react with about 0.5 mmole of ozone, prepared separately from 99.999% pure O2. The remaining ozone and oxygen were removed by pumping above a cold bath at about 210 K. This successfully removed the NO and N2O traces. The total pressure was measured using a Pfeiffer 10 hPa capacitive gauge. A small contamination due to CO2 remained visible, but could be quantified to about 0.2% of the gas sample, using IR integrated intensity measurements and mass spectrometry. The MS measurements were collected from the same gas sample flask, with an instrument connected to the gas handling manifold. These were compared to a background spectrum of the instrument and collected within a few minutes to assess the CO2 content.
Energy accumulation during the growth of forced wave induced by a moving atmospheric pressure disturbance
Published in Coastal Engineering Journal, 2020
where is the central pressure drop; Rm is defined as the disturbance radius to represent the spatial scale of pressure disturbance; U is the disturbance moving speed, which is assumed to be constant; x and y are the horizontal plane coordinates, t is time. y = 0 is the track of pressure disturbance center. As widely known, a decrease of atmospheric pressure with 1 hPa will lead to about 1 cm elevation of water level in static equilibrium. Here, is introduced to present the maximum water level rise under static equilibrium condition, which is chosen as a vertical length scale. Choosing as the horizontal length scale, the velocity of shallow water wave as a velocity scale, a reference time is given as . The Froude number is defined as .
First analysis of the ν2+ν7 and ν2+ν9 and ν2+ν6 combination bands of HNO3: evidence of perturbations due to large amplitude OH torsion in the 2191 excited state
Published in Molecular Physics, 2022
A. Perrin, L. Manceron, R. Armante, F. Kwabia-Tchana, P. Roy, D. Doizi
High-resolution spectra of HNO3 were recorded with the Bruker IFS125HR Fourier transform spectrometer of the AILES Beamline at Synchrotron SOLEIL (Saint-Aubin, France). As HNO3 reacts and quickly decomposes in contact with metal or oxidisable surfaces, its handling requires special precautions and the AILES special long path glass cell made for highly corrosive or reactive species [9] was used. The cell was fitted here with wedged diamond windows (Advanced Diamond Materials, USA) mounted with Teflon™-coated silicone gaskets (Eriks, France). It includes a triple-envelope glass body (Verrerie Soufflée Normalisée, France) with an inner volume of about 14 L (15 cm ID × 80 cm length) surrounded by an annular cylindrical space for circulating cold ethanol and a third envelope for the insulating vacuum (5×10−5 hPa). The gas temperature was measured in four different points of the cell by PTFE-coated Pt-100 sensors, corresponding to both ends and to the middle top and bottom. The pressure was measured using a Pfeiffer 10 hPa capacitive gauge. The metal parts in contact with gas were coated with a thick PTFE layer (STIM, France) and the mirrors were mounted on Teflon™ bellows (Elkinger, Germany), allowing for travel and tilt adjustments. The cell uses a simple White-configuration with gold-coated mirrors with a special Al2O3 solid protective layer (Optimask, France). The optical path length was set to 2.72 m for the ν2 region around 5.8 µm (FTS2 in Table 1) and set to 16.32 m for the 4.6 µm region (FTS 262729 in Table 1). These spectra were recorded at 296 and 250 K, respectively.