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Laboratory Gas Supply: Plant and Equipment
Published in James Moody, Design and Construction of Laboratory Gas Pipelines, 2019
The vessel’s internal pressure is controlled by converting small amounts of liquid into gas using an independent pressure building coil. This is usually located beneath the vessel and provides a 1,000 kPa pressure controlled supply to the vessel.
Concepts of Strength and Failure
Published in Harold Josephs, Ronald L. Huston, Blake’s Design of Mechanical Joints, 2018
Harold Josephs, Ronald L. Huston
The majority of vessels, containers, and piping are designed for internal pressure. There are, however, important cases where the systems have to carry external pressure. In such situations, the decision should be made as to the most likely mode of structural response and the governing criteria. The choice can be either stress limit, elastic stability, or structural collapse.
Pressure Vessels
Published in Robert L. Mott, Joseph A. Untener, Applied Strength of Materials, Sixth Edition SI Units Version, 2017
Robert L. Mott, Joseph A. Untener
Typical pressure vessels are either spherical or cylindrical in shape.It is important for you to understand how a pressure vessel can fail so you can design it to be safe under a specific applied pressure.Failure occurs when the internal pressure causes an excessively high tensile stress in the walls of the vessel.The size of the vessel and the thickness of its wall are the primary variables that affect the level of stress.Two different types of analysis are discussed in this chapter, one for thin-walled vessels and one for thick-walled vessels. We quantify the difference between these two classifications of vessels later.Now let us explore further this concept of a pressure vessel.You have now studied many load-carrying members and know how to analyze and design for the stresses that result from those loads. Another special type of application critical to our everyday lives is when we contain fluids at high pressure. Figure 12–1 shows some of these. A grill requires a propane tank that holds an extremely flammable gas at 700–1400 kPa. A scuba dive requires that a person strap on a tank that contains air at 18–24 MPa.
Response investigation of viscoelastic cylindrical shells with geometrical nonlinearity effect under moving pressure: An analytical approach
Published in Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 2022
Hamidreza Eipakchi, Farid Mahboubi Nasrekani
K and G are the bulk and shear modulus, respectively. Strain in z direction is zero, so σz does not have any effect in the strain energy. The strain energy U, the kinetic energy T, the external work W due to the internal pressure and their variations for an elastic material are as follows [30]: where fx and fz are surface tractions in x and z directions respectively, P is the internal pressure, ρ is the mass density, and dV is the volume element. The stress resultants are defined as follows:
Modelling strategies for numerical simulation of aircraft ditching
Published in International Journal of Crashworthiness, 2018
The water model is based on a linear polynomial equation of state (EOS) that relates the internal pressure to the ratio of the current and the initial density of water, ρ and ρ0, respectively [12], where P is the internal pressure and E is the internal energy; μ is set equal to 0 at the initial time. Since the system is assumed to be in equilibrium at the beginning of the simulation, the initial pressure of water is set to zero by C0 = 0. Furthermore, the internal pressure is assumed to be independent from the internal energy; therefore C4 = C5 = C6 = 0. The coefficients C1 = 2723 MPa, C2 = 7727 MPa and C3 = 14,660 MPa derive from experimental data [29]. All the EOS coefficients used for the vertical impact simulations are listed in Table 1.
Design and Characterization of a Soft Robotic Therapeutic Glove for Rheumatoid Arthritis
Published in Assistive Technology, 2019
Matthew Chin Heng Chua, Jeong Hoon Lim, Raye Chen Hua Yeow
An indenter with a spherical head compressing the inflated actuator perpendicular to its largest face is modeled (Figure 4). The actuator is first inflated to an initial volume V with an internal pressure of P. A spherical indenter of radius R was then lowered perpendicular to the surface to compress it. Iso-pressure condition is assumed as the actuator is connected to a pressure regulator pump. The decrease in volume of the actuator may be taken as the spherical cap of the indenter that is embedded beneath the surface (Figure 5). The volume of the spherical cap may be denoted by: