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Designing for Hand and Wrist Anatomy
Published in Karen L. LaBat, Karen S. Ryan, Human Body, 2019
Handedness is the preference and skillfulness of using one hand instead of the other, so a person is right-handed or left-handed. The preferred hand is the dominant hand. Most people are right-handed. Very few people are ambidextrous with equal skill using either hand (Smits, 2011). Because use of an extremity influences the growth and, therefore, the mature size of the limb, the dominant hand is usually slightly larger (Mueller & Mulaf, 2002; Turner & Pavalko, 1998). Choose ready-to-wear gloves and mittens, constructed as right-left mirror images, by fitting the product to the dominant hand. Medical splints, custom made to fit the hand, are formed to the morphology of the person’s left and/or right hand. Baseball catchers’ mitts fit a catcher’s preferred catching hand. Some ambidextrous pitchers use a glove designed with six fingers in the mitt that can be worn on either hand.
Principles of Biology
Published in Arthur T. Johnson, Biology for Engineers, 2019
There are approximately 15% of the U.S. population who are left-handed. It has been found that handedness is determined by a gene with two alleles, and the allele for right-handedness is dominant. Thus, anyone with at least one copy of this allele is right-handed. People who lack this allele, however, only have a 50–50 chance of becoming left-handed (Brodie, 2004a). Coming from the father, the gene for left-handedness is active; coming from the mother, the gene has no effect. Incidentally, this same allele determines the direction that hair whorls at the back of the head; right-handed people have clockwise spirals. (It is interesting, from an engineering point of view, to note that a bolt that tightens as it is rotated clockwise is called a right-handed thread. Mathematical cross products and vector notations also follow this convention. Thus, after all, there is a sound biological basis for this convention.)
Brain connectivity evaluation during selective attention using EEG-based brain-computer interface
Published in Brain-Computer Interfaces, 2019
Soheil Borhani, Reza Abiri, Yang Jiang, Taylor Berger, Xiaopeng Zhao
Thirty-eight college students (11 females: 21.3 ± 1.9 years and 27 males: 23.1 ± 5.2 years) participated in the experiment. There were 33 right-handed and five left-handed participants. There are studies in the literature that support the potential impact of hand preference on cognition [10,11]. Due to low number of left-handed participants, we may not be able to carry out a statistically significant analysis considering the handedness as a variable. Thus, we decided to exclude the left-handed responses to control for potential variability in the results. The participants all had normal or corrected to normal vision. They had no known history of neurological or psychological disorder. The experimental protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. All participants were asked to read and sign a consent form prior to participating in the study. The experiment consisted of two phases, which are described in Sections II.C and II.D.
Prediction of muscle mass in arms and legs based on 3D laser-based photonic body scans’ standard dimensions in a homogenous sample of young men
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization, 2020
Cristine Cavegn, Frank Rühli, Nicole Bender, Kaspar Staub
The N = 100 young men voluntarily participating in the cross-sectional study were on average 177.7 ± 6.6 cm (mean ± SD) and weighed 73.8 ± 13.7 kg. Mean BMI was 23.3 kg/m2 (SD = 3.7), with 22% (N = 22) being overweight (BMI 25.0–29.9 kg/m2) and 4.0% (N = 4) obese (BMI ≥ 0.0 kg/m2) (Table A1). Average total SMM was 30.6 kg (SD = 3.7), with an average of 12.8 kg SMM being located in the legs and 4 kg in the arms. Standard lengths, girths and volumes as assessed by the 3D scanner showed only minimal changes (maximal 0.3 cm) between the averages for left and right arms and legs. The share of self-reported left-handedness was 9% (N = 9).