China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Chapter 6
Published in Pearson Frederick, Map Projections:, 2018
The characteristic that all great circles appear as straight lines in gnomonic projection has led to the use of this projection in navigation. Refer again to Figure 3. On this figure, the great circle distance between points P1 and P2 is given. The loxodrome is also shown. The great circle is a straight line, but not to true scale. The loxodrome appears as a curved line. As on the sphere itself, the loxodrome is longer than the great circle distance. Compare Figure 3 to Figure 6, Chapter 5, for the equatorial Mercator projection. Recall that the loxodrome on the equatorial Mercator projection appears straight and shorter and the great circle distance appears curved and longer.
Further Studies of Electromagnetic Waves in Spherical Geometries
Published in Guillermo Gonzalez, Advanced Electromagnetic Wave Propagation Methods, 2021
In Fig. 10.10a a horizontal electric dipole (HED) along the x axis with dipole moment I1ΔL1 is located at (x,y,z)=(0,0,zr). The HED produces the field E1he (he for horizontal electric). A VED along the z axis with dipole moment I2ΔL2 is located at (x′,y′,z′)=(0,0,z′s). The VED produces the field E2ve (ve for vertical electric). The origin of the rectangular coordinate systems for the HED and VED lie on the Earth’s surface, with the x,y and x′,y′ planes being tangent to the surface. The great-circle distance is equal to the radius of the Earth times the angle between the origins of the VED and HED.
A data analytic-based logistics modelling framework for E-commerce enterprise
Published in Enterprise Information Systems, 2023
Abhishek Verma, Yong-Hong Kuo, M Manoj Kumar, Saurabh Pratap, Velvet Chen
The merged dataset contained the latitudes and longitudes of sellers and customers along with the values of customer ID, seller ID, order ID, freight value, price and weight. We considered the great-circle distance to conduct the analysis, calculated using geo-locations and haversine formula (Equation 5). The haversine formula calculates the shortest distance between two points on a sphere when their latitude and longitude are provided. The calculated distance is known as the great-circle distance between the points on the map. However, considering the total of the US, driving distances through road are approximately 18% more than the straight-line distances (Shih 2015). The distance between customer and seller of an order ranged from 0.12 miles to an upper limit value of 5434.99 miles.
Learning electric vehicle driver range anxiety with an initial state of charge-oriented gradient boosting approach
Published in Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2023
The distance between charging eventand the home location of driver It is suspected that, when EV drivers drive further away from home, the range anxiety may become more intense, as the battery level becomes lower and the distance to home is longer. The Haversine formula (shown below) is used to calculate the great circle distance between two points on the Earth. The latitude and longitude of the charging event () are directly available in the dataset, while those of the driver ’s home () is approximated with the centroid of the zip code. is the radius of the Earth.
A hybrid model based method for bus travel time estimation
Published in Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2018
B. Anil Kumar, Lelitha Vanajakshi, Shankar C. Subramanian
From the collected GPS data shown in Table 1, the distance between two consecutive entries was calculated using the Haversine formulae (Reid, 2014), which gives the great circle distance (d) between two points on a sphere from their latitudes and longitudes. After this process, the data consist of the travel times and the corresponding distance between consecutive locations, as shown in Table 5. For further analysis, the entire section was divided into subsections of 100 m length and the time taken to cover each subsection was calculated using linear interpolation as shown in Table 6.