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Digital joint ROM measurement tool for geriatric rehabilitation assessment
Published in Shin-ya Nishizaki, Masayuki Numao, Jaime Caro, Merlin Teodosia Suarez, Theory and Practice of Computation, 2019
C.Y. Ong, M.M. Paragas, B.C. Huang
Goniometry is an important part in joint examinations in which measures and records the amount of active and passive joint motion of a patient. The obtained goniometric data can provide basis for diagnosis of impairments modification of physical rehabilitation treatments, and progress evaluation. Range of Motion (ROM), the arc of motion in degrees occurring in a single or series of joints, is one of the parameters being observed and measured in goniometry (Norkin & White, 2003). Currently, ROM is typically recorded and measured manually using a handheld device called a goniometer. Goniometers obtain the patient’s quantifiable baseline range of motion measurement around a specific joint (Chen et al. 2015). Humans are subject to errors, thus there are a lot of criteria that may affect goniometric measurements, one of which is reliability—refers to consistency of the gathered measurements. Other factors would also come into play such as improper alignment, misidentification of bony landmarks, and variations in manual force that would contribute to goniometric error. Thus, a standardized method should be followed to get a minimal error in measurement.
Introduction to Metallic Glasses
Published in Sumit Sharma, Metallic Glass–Based Nanocomposites, 2019
The following are the basic parts of an X-ray diffraction (XRD) machine: X-ray tube: This is the source of the X-ray. This normally gives a divergent beam.Incident beam optics: This part of the equipment processes the X-ray beam emerging from the X-ray tube before it shines over the sample. To limit the divergence of the incoming beam, it is passed through a Soller slit.Goniometer: The word goniometry has two terms (i) gonio and (ii) meter. The term gonio is derived from the Greek word gonia. The meaning of the word gonia is “angle,” and the meaning of the term meter is “measure.” A goniometer is a device which measures an angle. It can also be used to rotate an object at a precise angular position. In an XRD machine, the goniometer holds the sample holder, the incident beam optics, and the detector. It controls the angle between the incident beam and the sample.Receiving-side optics: This unit processes the reflected X-ray beam, i.e., after the interaction of the incident beam and the sample.Detector: It counts the number of X-rays scattered by the sample.
Reliability and validity of smartphone applications to measure the spinal range of motion: A systematic review
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2021
Shibili Nuhmani, Moazzam Hussain Khan, Shaji J Kachanathu, Mohd Arshad Bari, Turki S Abualait, Qassim I Muaidi
A summary of participant characteristics and study methodologies are shown (Table 1). The majority of studies (eight) were conducted on healthy participants, whereas three involved participants with neck pain. Both male and female participants were included in all the selected studies. The most common smartphone device was the iPhone (n = 8). Various smartphone applications were used in studies, but the most frequently used application was the clinometer (n = 3). The most frequently investigated anatomical region was the cervical region (n = 7). All the seven studies which assessed the cervical ROM investigated cervical rotation, whereas six examined cervical flexion, extension and five examined lateral flexion. Three studies (flexion n = 3, extension n = 2, and lateral flexion n = 1) investigated the ROM in the lumbar region. Only one study (thoracic rotation, n = 1) examined the thoracic ROM. Various criterion instruments were used in different studies, including the universal goniometer, inclinometers and 3D motion analyzers etc. All these instruments were found reliable in previous studies.
Do habitual foot-strike patterns in running influence functional Achilles tendon properties during gait?
Published in Journal of Sports Sciences, 2019
Scott C. Wearing, I. S. Davis, T. Brauner, S. L. Hooper, T. Horstmann
Runners reported to the gait laboratory wearing comfortable clothing and having abstained from vigorous physical activity and alcohol on the day of testing. The skin overlying the posterior Achilles tendon and medial aspect of the right shank was prepared and cleaned using standard alcohol abrading methods. The end-blocks of a flexible strain-gauge electrogoniometer (Penny and Giles, Biometrics, Gwent, UK) were attached to the skin overlying the medial calcaneus and the distal medial tibia of the right ankle using double-sided adhesive tape. The electrogoniometer was used to measure sagittal plane ankle movement during walking and running. The goniometer had a resolution of 1°, with a reported accuracy of 1.5% over a 100° measurement range (Rowe, Myles, Hillmann, & Hazlewood, 2001).
Examination of the neuromechanical factors contributing to golf swing performance
Published in Journal of Sports Sciences, 2019
W. B. Sheehan, M. L. Watsford, E. C. Pickering Rodriguez
Hamstring, hip, and lower back flexibility were assessed using the sit and reach as performed in previous studies (Wells et al., 2009). This was measured unilaterally on lead and trail limbs individually. Internal and external hip rotation were measured with participants supine with a belt around their hips at the anterior superior iliac spine to stabilise their pelvis. The non-test leg was kept straight, and the stretching leg was in 90° hip flexion. The stationary arm of the goniometer was in line with trunk and the movable arm in line with tibia. The centre of rotation was at the central patella tendon/inferior pole (central knee joint). Trunk rotation was measured in accordance with previous research (Olivier, Horan, Evans, & Keogh, 2016). Participants sat upright in a chair with a golf club placed behind their back. The club was cradled in their elbows and maintained club-spine contact. Participants kept knees, feet and hips facing forward and were instructed to rotate to one side as far as possible until club-spine contact was no longer maintained. A goniometer measured degrees of rotation by placing the stationary arm above the participants head with the moving arm in line with the leading shoulders direction and shaft direction.