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Application of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Brain Mapping
Published in Yu Chen, Babak Kateb, Neurophotonics and Brain Mapping, 2017
Afrouz Azari-Anderson, Fatima A. Chowdhry, Yasaman Ardeshirpour, Nader Shahni Karamzadeh, Elizabeth G. Smith, Viktor Chernomordik, Amir H. Gandjbakhche
Study of motor cortex abnormalities in children with cerebral palsy (CP) has also been a subject of investigation by fNIRS (Khan et al., 2010). In a study by Khan et al. (2010), a CW fNIRS system was used to image the area of the motor cortex during the execution of finger tapping task. In the finger tapping task, subjects were asked to simply tap their fingers for a certain period of time. Functional image was then reconstructed from the averaged temporal changes of HbO. To distinguish the spatial location of the activation site, clustering algorithms were applied to images followed by a similarity algorithm. Similarity algorithms are used to compare an area with lower changes in HbO with those with primary changes (maximum activation areas), which would otherwise be considered a baseline. From here, two metrics based on spatial distance from images and temporal distance (duration over time to peak) from temporal HbO plot were quantified. Using these metrics, it was possible to distinguish the area of activation between control subjects and children with CP. The accuracy of fNIRS sensor positioning in repeated measurement was also evaluated and confirmed by testing the subjects twice.
Investigation of force, contact area and dwell time in finger-tapping tasks on membrane touch interface
Published in Ergonomics, 2018
Touch interface has been widely applied in digital and numerical control devices and machines because of its simplicity and accessibility. Finger tapping is a pervasive behaviour observed when humans interact with touch interfaces. When performing finger-tapping tasks, people use their fingertips to touch the device or machine interface and apply force to activate some functions. In this process, touch characteristics (e.g. force, contact area and dwell time) usually quantify the physical interaction between the user and device or machine interface (Sesto, Irwin, Chen, Chourasia, and Wiegmann 2012; Wang and Ren 2009). Not only performance, but also fatigue and injury could be influenced by the physical interactions with interface (Irwin et al. 2011), for instance, force exerted on keyboards and mouse is related to upper extremity fatigue and musculoskeletal disorders (Gerard et al 1996; Gerr, Monteilh, and Marcus 2006). Besides, force, contact area and dwell time can be used to guide and improve the interface design of digital and numerical control products from hardware (e.g. key activation force) and software (e.g. the time to activate operation feedback) perspectives. For example, Apple Inc. developed the force touch and 3D touch technology that enables trackpads and touchscreens to distinguish among different levels of force being applied to surfaces, and thus force is used as an input method for devices (Apple 2016; Stein 2015). Thus, measurement of touch characteristics in tapping tasks is of great significance for users’ comfort and experience.
Males with chronic ankle instability demonstrate deficits in neurocognitive function compared to control and copers
Published in Research in Sports Medicine, 2021
Adam B. Rosen, Melanie L. McGrath, Arthur L. Maerlender
The Finger Tapping Test tested fine motor control and motor speed. The participant completed one practice trial and three test trials for the Finger Tapping Test. For the Finger Tapping Test, the participant tapped on the space bar as many times as possible for 10s.