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Biological Controls
Published in Brian D. Fath, Sven E. Jørgensen, Megan Cole, Managing Biological and Ecological Systems, 2020
Sometimes naturally occurring declines of the watermilfoil have been observed. The main causal agent proved to be a native beetle Euhrychiopsis lecontei, the milfoil weevil, which subsequently has shown control potential in controlled field experiments. The weevil is a specialist herbivore of watermilfoils, but prefers the Eurasian to its native host, the northern watermilfoil (M. sibiricum). Research is in progress to use the milfoil weevil effectively as a biocontrol agent against the Eurasian watermilfoil in North America.[8]
Quantifying Food Waste
Published in Christian Reynolds, Tammara Soma, Charlotte Spring, Jordon Lazell, Routledge Handbook of Food Waste, 2020
Field experiments tend to be more costly than those in labs and must account for more potentially confounding factors. However, the highly controlled, artificial setting of lab-based experiments is thought to create behavioral responses that differ from participants’ everyday experience. Results of field experiments are thought to better reflect real-world responses to interventions. For more examples of experimental designs, see van Geffen and Davison (this volume).
Mind the gap between research and practice in operations management
Published in IISE Transactions, 2023
Xiaohong Chen, Tianhu Deng, Zuo-Jun Max Shen, Yi Yu
A field experiment is a method for testing causality under real scenarios by randomly assigning subjects to treatment or control groups. By conducting field experiments, researchers can obtain previously implicit or unobservable information to make unbiased estimates. For instance, a field experiment conducted by Gaur and Fisher (2005) in toy stores yields an unexpected result that sales sometimes increase with a price increase. They find that two factors can explain this observation. One is that price is regarded as an indicator of quality in some cases, and the other is that consumers treat some products as gifts, so the sweet spots of pricing are more popular. Fisher et al. (2018) explore demand signals that cannot be observed by researchers based on a field experiment with randomized prices. We refer readers to the following studies that use field experiments to investigate the effects of inventory levels on demands (Craig et al., 2016), information disclosure (Allcott and Sweeney, 2017), incentive design (Brahm and Poblete, 2018), fit information in online retail (Gallino and Morenob, 2018), etc.
Gender, Performance, and Self-Efficacy: A Quasi-Experimental Field Study
Published in Journal of Computer Information Systems, 2022
Matthew J. Liberatore, William P. Wagner
The organization of the remainder of this paper is as follows. In the next section, we examine previous gender research and how it relates to the focus of our study. In subsequent sections, the research hypotheses, the research design of the field experiment, discussion of the results, and the summary and conclusions are presented.
A fully coupled seepage–heat transfer model including a dynamic heat transfer coefficient in fractured rock sample with a single fissure
Published in Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 2021
Ze Zhang, Shuhong Wang, Tianjiao Yang, Dongsheng Wang, Hong Yin
Reviewing the literature indicates that numerous experimental and numerical investigations have been carried out on the flows and heat transfer in fractured rocks. However, most of them are about the seepage in rock fractures, while only a few experiments have been conducted on the coupled seepage and heat transfer phenomenon. Experimental methods in this field can be mainly divided into two categories: laboratory experiments and field experiments. Considering the massive scale of fractured rock, it is often a challenge to apply the results of laboratory experiments to practical projects. Accordingly, laboratory investigations have mainly focused on a single fissure, and the fracture is usually prepared by splitting cylindrical granite in the Brazilian split test (Zhao and Tso 1993; Lu and Xiang 2012; Bai et al. 2017; Li et al. 2017). In other words, there are few experimental studies on the coupling of seepage and heat transfer in a single fissure (Rashad et al. 2014; Wang et al. 2017). Zhao conducted hydraulic–thermal experiments on granite samples to study the influence of the temperature field on the permeability of fractures and the convective heat transfer coefficient between the fracture water and the rock matrix. Then the obtained results were compared with empirical equations based on the heat transfer theory, and it was found that the convective heat transfer coefficient is related to the seepage velocity of the fractured water (Zhao 1994). The conclusion that the convective heat transfer coefficient was related to the seepage velocity of fractured water was compared with empirical equations on the theory of heat transfer. Field experiments have been mainly based on hydraulic experiments and tracer experiments. Many researchers have also performed numerical simulations on the seepage and heat transfer process of fractured rocks, and studied the thermal–hydraulic coupling mechanism and parameter sensitivity(Cui et al. 2016; Jiang et al. 2018; Bauer et al. 2019; Han et al. 2020). Some numerical studies have shown that the heat transfer during the seepage and heat transfer process of the rock fracture system plays an important role (Ewing and Wang 2001; Abbasi et al. 2017).