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Materials
Published in Ever J. Barbero, Introduction to Composite Materials Design, 2017
Tensile strength of fibers is usually reported in the literature as the mean value of a number of tests on individual fibers or as the tensile strength of fiber bundles, which may or may not be impregnated with a resin and cured into a composite fiber bundle. It is often difficult to discern how the data have been obtained. Furthermore, fibers do not have a single value of strength but rather have individual fiber strengths that follow a Weibull distribution. The cumulative probability of a fiber failing with a strength less than or equal to σ $ \sigma $ is given by F(σ)=1-e-(σ/λ)m $$ \begin{aligned} F(\sigma )&= 1 - e^{-(\sigma /\lambda )^m} \end{aligned} $$
Optical Fibers and Accessories
Published in Daniel Malacara-Hernández, Brian J. Thompson, Advanced Optical Instruments and Techniques, 2017
A fiber bundle is made up of many fibers that are assembled together. In a flexible bundle, the separate fibers have their ends fixed and the rest of their length unattached to each other. On the other hand, in a rigid or fused bundle, the fibers are melted together into a single rod. Fused bundles have a lower cost than flexible bundles, but because of their rigidity they are unsuitable for some applications.
Physical characteristics of Typha elephantina Roxb. fiber (Hogla) for textile application
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2022
Upama Nasrin Haq, Abu Huraira, Mohammad Abbas Uddin
Fiber bundle strength was measured by a constant rate of loading (CRL) condition. The machine was calibrated without a spacer between the jaws which is called zero gauge strength. The test was done on a bundle length of 1.18cm and the loading rate was 1kg/sec. Single fiber strength was ascertained by a constant rate of extension (CRE) condition in a pendulum type instrument and expressed in gram force per tex (gf/tex). The test was performed at an extension rate of 300mm/min.This method is suitable for untreated loose fiber (ASTM, 2012). The moisture regains and content of the fiber was measured according to ASTM D 2654-89a method. Ten sets of twenty fibers each were used to determine the linear density using a standard formula where the length of the fiber is constant. Similarly, tensile strength was measured by bundle where mass remains fixed. Sample fibers for the test were collected randomly from the extracted fiber, and standard test conditions of 65% relative humidity and temperature of 21°C (ASTM, 2020) were used for all the tests.