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Noise and vibration
Published in Stephen Battersby, Clay's Handbook of Environmental Health, 2023
Andrew Colthurst, Steve Fisher
END parameters – The END [1] was transposed into national legislation in the UK in 2006. The Directive and associated UK regulations reference two parameters – the Lden (day-evening-night noise indicator) as a measure of annoyance and the Lnight as a measure of sleep disturbance, both of which are defined in Annex 1 of the END. The Lden is subdivided into the following three periods, with the last two receiving a weighting (+5 dB and +10 dB respectively) in the computation: Lday (day-noise indicator) means an indicator for annoyance during the day period;Levening (evening-noise indicator) means an indicator for annoyance during the evening period;Lnight (night-time noise indicator) means an indicator for sleep disturbance. The END [1] identifies the following default times for these three periods: Day = 07:00–19:00;Evening = 19:00–23:00;Night = 23:00–07:00.
Interactions Among Environmental Variables, Adaptation And Overall Comfort
Published in Michael Humphreys, Fergus Nicol, Susan Roaf, Adaptive Thermal Comfort: Foundations and Analysis, 2015
Michael Humphreys, Fergus Nicol, Susan Roaf
The relative importance of the different aspects for comfort also depends on the task being performed. For example, a task that entails sustained close visual work may demand a high level of illumination on the task. The visual environment is then very important, while the acoustic and thermal environments might be less so. A restaurant may require a very different visual environment from that normal for close visual work. Generally lower levels of illumination may be used to create a relaxed mood for an evening meal. Examples could be multiplied.2 Such complexities mean that it is impossible to combine the different aspects of an environment into a single number that describes the overall environment in terms of its comfort or quality.
Broadcast Programming
Published in Peter K. Pringle, Michael F. Starr, Electronic Media Management, 2013
Peter K. Pringle, Michael F. Starr
The particular composition of an audience, its needs, moods, and the activities in which it engages change during the day. Stations attempt to respond to those changes through dayparting. On weekdays, the dayparts are Morning drive time (6:00 A.M. to 10:00 A.M.): Most listeners want to be brought up-to-date with news and with weather and traffic conditions.Midday (10:00 A.M. to 3:00 P.M.): The majority of listeners are homemakers and office workers, and both music and information programming are tailored to their needs.Afternoon drive time (3:00 P.M. to 7:00 P.M.): Teenagers return from school and adults drive home from work. For the most part, the former seek entertainment and the latter a mix of entertainment and information.Evening (7:00 P.M. to midnight): The audience of most stations is composed chiefly of people desiring entertainment or relaxation.Overnight (midnight to 6:00 A.M.): Shift workers, college students seeking entertainment, and persons seeking companionship constitute the bulk of the audience.
Rootedness along the way: meaningful sociality in petroleum and mining mobile worker camps
Published in Mobilities, 2021
While the workers are living in the camp, the corporation lays out the daily schedule and gives only little room for individual choices. The monotonous routines might lead to psychological hardship during a shift round. Winding down after a hard day’s work in the gym – which nearly every camp has (albeit of different standards) – or with other activities, is therefore important to clear the mind and restore the body. Needless to say, not everyone is into sports and this can create discontent in those camps where hardly any other activity is offered. Usually the evening is the time for catching up with family and friends on the phone or the internet, or simply watching TV or playing video games alone in one’s room. As mentioned, larger camps have internet and phone connections nowadays, but not necessarily smaller remote exploration or mobile camps. Using the satellite phone is costly and private calls are usually not paid for by the company.
A penalized-likelihood approach to characterizing bridge-related crashes in New Jersey
Published in Traffic Injury Prevention, 2021
Mohammad Jalayer, Mahdi Pour-Rouholamin, Deep Patel, Subasish Das, Hooman Parvardeh
In this study, considering the lighting conditions, the time of day was categorized into four categories, including morning (6:00–12:00), afternoon (12:00–18:00), evening (18:00–24:00), and night (0:00–6:00). In Table 2, morning and afternoon periods account for about 60% of the total number of bridge-related crashes. The results of the analysis indicate that bridge-related crashes during the afternoon were 0.45 times less likely or probable (less severe) to involve injuries compared with those in the morning. This result is in good agreement with several other studies (PennDOT 2017).
Incorporating active and non-active mode preferences for Departure time choice behavior
Published in Transportation Letters, 2022
Kiran Shakeel, Taha Hossein Rashidi
The choice component for both the models 1 and 2 is a logit model and consists of four alternatives of departure time choice. The choices are categorized as morning (9 am to 12 pm), afternoon (12 pm to 4 pm), evening (4 pm to 7 pm) and night (7 pm to 12 am). The utility of choosing the alternative by individual is given as: