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Increasing the Efficiency of IT Waterfall Projects Control: Modified Earned Value Analysis Combined with Parametric Estimation
Published in Frédéric Adam, Dorota Kuchta, Stanisław Stanek, Frédéric Adam, Joanna Iwko, Gaye Kiely, Dorota Kuchta, Ewa Marchwicka, Stephen McCarthy, Gloria Phillips-Wren, Stanisław Stanek, Tadeusz Trzaskalik, Irem Ucal Sari, Rational Decisions in Organisations, 2022
Dorota Kuchta, Stanisław Stanek
The main role and objective of the EVA method is to be an early warning system. For values of i as small as possible, the project manager should, in the ideal case, have a fairly accurate estimate EAC(Ti) of the total project cost. Only then will the project manager have time to undertake certain measures. Thus, it is of primordial importance that EAC(Ti) is determined on the basis of a possibly wide knowledge, both of quantitative and qualitative nature, both documented and undocumented (but somehow “felt in the air”). The problem is that the EVA method in its basic form takes into account only documented, easily available quantitative data. And, in fact, even more: it analyses exclusively accounting documents.
Measuring and Improving Productivity
Published in James William Martin, Operational Excellence, 2021
NOPAT is another useful measure of organizational efficiency, unless the organization is highly leveraged financially. Higher net operating income drives higher cash flow and increases shareholder ROE. Higher operating income and cash flow enable organizations to invest in technologies such as digitization and automation to further reduce operating expense and increase cash flow. Alternatively, new products and services can be created to gain additional revenue. Evaluating NOPAT relative to the capital invested to create it enables calculation of EVA.
Airline Financial Statements
Published in Peter S. Morrell, Airline Finance, 2019
The starting point for CVA is cash flow, or EBITDAR, earnings before interest, tax, depreciation, amortisation and rentals. This is operating revenues less cash expenses, plus income from associates, dividends and interest received. However, the BA example below does not add in interest received. EVA takes as a starting point Net Operating Profit after Tax (NOPAT), which is similar to EBITDAR but after deducting tax.
Increasing earned value analysis efficiency for IT projects
Published in Journal of Decision Systems, 2020
Stanisław Stanek, Dorota Kuchta
The main role and objective of the EVA method is to be an early warning system. In the moments , where i should be possibly as low as possible, the project manager should have an estimate of the total project cost. This estimate should be as exact as possible, so that if a high total project cost is about to occur (in the future, thus after moment ), already in moment the project manager has time to undertake certain measures. Thus, it is of primordial importance that is determined on the basis of a possibly wide knowledge, both of quantitative and qualitative nature, both documented and undocumented (but somehow ‘felt in the air’). The problem is that the EVA method in its basic form takes into account only documented, easily available quantitative data.
Emotional responses to human values in technology: The case of conversational agents
Published in Human–Computer Interaction, 2022
Esther Görnemann, Sarah Spiekermann
In a more specific context, we believe that EVAs can meaningfully support ethically aligned system development. The IEEE 7000TM “Standard for Addressing Ethical Concerns during System Design” proposes to ethically align system engineering by anticipating potential value harms and value benefits early in the product development cycle (IEEE Standards Association, 2021; Spiekermann & Winkler, 2020). Relevant potential value manifestations are then translated into concrete technical or organizational system requirements. An EVA not only provides meaningful information on the actual ethical implications of a technology, it also explicitly addresses human values. We therefore believe that, specifically in the context of ethically aligned system development, EVAs could be used to assess the actual value implications on the side of the users. By conducting an EVA, companies could be provided with valuable information on whether their envisioned value propositions are actually materializing, and they could identify potential side effects that were not considered up front. In this context, EVAs could effectively inform the definition and conceptualization of software upgrades or product redesigns. Yet, even in earlier phases of the product development lifecycle, EVAs might play an important role, say, as part of the ideation phase in a typical Design Thinking approach. Design Thinkers approach innovation “by a thorough understanding, through direct observation, of what people want and need in their lives and what they like or dislike about the way particular products are made” (Brown, 2008, pp. 84–85). An EVA can provide designers with deep insights into exactly this kind of knowledge. As a fundamentally user-centered approach, EVAs can increase designers’ sensibility for the exact reasons why a specific technology is appreciated or disapproved of. Access to what specific experiences mean for users could help designers generate new ideas and holistically anticipate potential customer value. With their focus on emotional experiences, EVAs could meaningfully complement the set of tools commonly used in Design Thinking, especially in the early ideation phase.