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Communication
Published in Walter DeGrange, Lucia Darrow, Field Guide to Compelling Analytics, 2022
When selecting participants for a focus group, it is important to consider who will be most likely to contribute useful information. A few different ways to select participants are: Random sampling: In this method, everyone in the population has an equal chance of being selected.Stratified sampling: In this method, the population is divided into groups (or strata) and people are selected from each group at random.Cluster sampling: In this method, clusters of people are randomly selected, and then individual participants are chosen from within the clusters.Quota sampling: In this method, a certain number of participants from specific groups are chosen.Convenience sampling: In this method, participants are selected based on convenience (for example, people who are available at a specific time and place).
Inference from probability and nonprobability samples
Published in Uwe Engel, Anabel Quan-Haase, Sunny Xun Liu, Lars Lyberg, Handbook of Computational Social Science, Volume 2, 2021
Rebecca Andridge, Richard Valliant
Nonprobability surveys capture participants through various methods. The AAPOR task force on nonprobability sampling (Baker et al., 2013a) characterized these samples into three broad types: Convenience samplingSample matchingNetwork sampling Convenience sampling is a form of nonprobability sampling in which easily locating and recruiting participants is the primary consideration. No formal sample design is used. Some types of convenience samples are mall intercepts, volunteer samples, river samples, observational studies, and snowball samples. In a mall intercept sample, interviewers try to recruit shoppers to take part in a study. Usually, neither the malls nor the people are probability samples.
Social value assessment
Published in Ani Raiden, Martin Loosemore, Andrew King, Chris Gorse, Social Value in Construction, 2018
Ani Raiden, Martin Loosemore, Andrew King, Chris Gorse
Whilst probability-based (random) sampling can save time and expense, most researchers do not have the resources to randomly sample an entire population and therefore find it necessary to employ non-probability sampling. In non-probability sampling, respondents are selected on the basis of a purposive personal judgement of the researcher. This can be done in a number of ways. For example, convenience sampling involves picking your sample according to what is available. Snowball sampling involves a researcher asking one target person in the population to nominate other potential participants based on their knowledge so that the sample gradually snowballs to become larger. Judgement sampling involves a researcher deciding which population members to include based on his or her judgement, which is justified in some way. Quota sampling includes a designated number of people with certain specified characteristics. The downside of non-probability sampling is that the choice can be biased by the researcher’s preferences and perceptions, and an unknown proportion of the entire population is not sampled, which means that the sample may or may not represent the entire population accurately and, as such, the results of the research cannot be generalised to the entire population.
Sugar sweetened beverage restriction or fruit and vegetable purchase incentive in Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP): Participant’s voice and choice behavior
Published in Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition, 2023
Kiran Thapa, Janani Rajbhandari-Thapa, Andrew Hanks, Jung Sun Lee, Chen Zhen
There are few limitations of this study. Quantitative data were based on experimental studies, and the sample size is small and fits only for the test of associations and not predictions60; however, experimental studies provide important insights when intervention studies are costly and difficult to conduct. The experiments did not include an education component. The FG interviews were conducted in English language, which restricted participation from non-English-speaking populations. Nonetheless, with Whites and African Americans serving as the primary races in participating counties (Appendix B), they were well represented in the study. The choice experiment was limited to a small set of choices: 20 choices, two in each of the top 10 food categories. Therefore, it is possible that participants may exhibit different purchase behaviors given the full set of food options available at a typical supermarket. Additionally, convenience sampling may have potentially introduced selection bias. SNAP participants and SNAP eligible nonparticipants have been shown to differ in supporting these policies.61 However, because of small sample size, we were unable to compare responses between SNAP participants and eligible non-participants. Lastly, because the sample was generally older and predominantly African American, caution should be used in generalizing the findings.
Measuring the Influence of Service Quality on Patient Satisfaction in Malaysia
Published in Quality Management Journal, 2019
Christine Nya-Ling Tan, Adedapo Oluwaseyi Ojo, Jun-Hwa Cheah, T. Ramayah
This study adopted the convenience sampling technique in selecting the respondents. Convenience sampling refers to the gathering of information from members of the population who are conveniently accessible to provide it. This method is preferred to other sampling methods such as random sampling because it does not require the definition of the population frame (Salkind 2009). Therefore, since the total numbers of patients cannot be established, the convenience sampling technique is relevant in selecting respondents for the present study. Questionnaires are administered on the respondents who have been inpatients and outpatients in either public or private hospitals in the state of Melaka and Johor in Malaysia.
‘I remembered this mathematics course because … ’: how unforgettable mathematics experiences of pre-service early childhood teachers are related to their beliefs
Published in International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, 2021
Convenience sampling is a type of nonprobability sampling that gives the researcher a chance to reach participants easily and economically (Fraenkel & Wallen, 2006). This research was based on data collected from 122 pre-service early childhood teachers who were selected through convenience sampling among approximately 370 pre-service early childhood teachers. Participants included following characteristics: 62 of them (50.82%) were freshman and 60 (49.18%) were seniors; 77 were female (63.11%); 44 were male (36.07%); 24 of them (19.67%) had already earned an undergraduate degree from another department and were studying early childhood education as their second undergraduate degree.