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Grids
Published in Michael Hann, The Grammar of Pattern, 2019
Brian (1980) examined evidence for the historical distribution of brick bonds of various kinds in England up to 1800. These could be considered as successful compositions. Composition is the physical arrangement of components of a design or other visual statement. Success in composition indicates that the various components have been assembled in a way which is both visually (and practically) effective. All successful visual statements communicate a message and have a strong content and a focal point. Each visual statement and each composition is different however; so there are no set ingredients. The objective is always to hold the attention of the viewer, and there are different ways of achieving this. Scale and hierarchy are of importance. Different components of a design will be considered to have different levels of importance. So, in order to stress the importance of a particular component, it may be represented as larger and more brightly coloured ,while a component of less importance may be smaller and less boldly coloured. Never consider the space around components of a design to be of no value. Gaps between components of a design can bring attention to them and also allow them to breathe. Position of components is of importance. Never position these at random, expecting that they will appear to be favourably placed. Alignment is a safe technique which helps to avoid confusion. Alignment to the left can create neat and effective composition.
Introduction to Software Engineering and Component-Based Software Engineering
Published in Umesh Kumar Tiwari, Santosh Kumar, Component-Based Software Engineering, 2020
Umesh Kumar Tiwari, Santosh Kumar
Composition defines the capability of the component to be integrated with other components. Composition among components results in component-based software. The property of composability defines the usability of the component in the software. It is one of the fundamental properties of the component. Overall behavior of the software depends on the flexibility or rigidity of the components in respect of composability. Composition allows the component to behave according to the structure of the design. The composition of a component is its individual property. In component-based software development, components are assumed to be self-composable as well as composable independently.
Environmental Nanotechnology: An Introduction
Published in M. H. Fulekar, Bhawana Pathak, Environmental Nanotechnology, 2017
Composites: These are nanoparticles combined with other nano or bulk materials. A composite material (also called a composition material) is a material made from two or more constituent materials with significantly different physical or chemical properties, when combined, produce a material with characteristics different from the individual. Some examples include using nanoparticles in a wide variety of merchandise to improve their current properties (i.e. nano clays including mineral silicates, montmorillonite, bentonite, kaolinite, hectorite and hallosite).
An overview of blade materials and technologies for hydrokinetic turbine application
Published in International Journal of Green Energy, 2023
Muhamad Hasfanizam Mat Yazik, Chang Wei Shyang, Mohammad Hafifi Hafiz Ishak, Farzad Ismail
A composite material is a mixture of two or more constituents either in form of size, chemical composition, mechanical or thermal properties. The composite mixture consists of a matrix and reinforcement which usually do not dissolve or merge with each other, but they form a bond at the interface that retain their structure and act together. The resulting composite usually displays distinct properties from their individual constituents. Fiber reinforcements are well known to produce better strength-to-weight ratio and stiffness-to-weight ratio structure. There are three basic forms of fibers that are usually incorporated into a composite mixture which are continuous fibers (unidirectional), multi-directional fibers (woven) and chopped fibers (randomly distributed). There are many options of fiber commercially available for composite materials such as carbon fiber (Guo et al. 2016), glass fiber (Ismail et al. 2018), Kevlar (Ismail et al. 2019), and natural fibers such as jute (Jawaid et al. 2015), hemp (Fotouh, Wolodko, and Lipsett 2014), pineapple (Asim et al. 2018), Kenaf (Akil et al. 2011), or bamboo (Chee et al. 2019) in combination with matrix such as epoxy, polyurethanes or other polymer matrix (Miliket, Ageze, and Tigabu 2022).
A review of ceramic/bio-based hybrid reinforced aluminium matrix composites
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2020
Ikubanni Peter P., Oki M., Adeleke Adekunle A.
A material system with the composition of a suitable and arranged combination of two or more constituents can be termed composite. The constituents in a composite product have an interface that is different in both the form and chemical composition which allow for separation. Composite constituents are insoluble in each other (Kala, Mer, & Kumar, 2014; Prasad, Shoba, & Ramanaiah, 2014; Smith & Hashemi, 2008). The classification of a composite can be determined based on the chemical nature of the matrix phase. The classifications include; ceramic matrix composites (CMCs), polymer matrix composites (PMCs), and metal matrix composites (MMCs) (Kala et al., 2014). Over the last two decades, the MMCs have become advanced materials to be reckoned with, especially in sectors like the automobile and aerospace, owing to their physical and mechanical characteristics that can be altered through variation of the reinforcements in the matrix (Allison & Cole, 1993; Baradeswaran, 2011; Madhusudan, Sarcar, & Rao, 2016; Narula, Allison, Bauer, & Gandhi, 1996; Vamsi Krishna & Xavior, 2014). The requirement of most modern technologies is based on materials with different and unusual combinations with improved properties than conventional materials (Mehdi, Kumar, Mahmood, & Saini, 2014). According to Deuis, Subramanian, and Yellup (1996) and Christman, Needleman, and Suresh (1989), when MMCs are compared to matrix alloys, a substantial rise in mechanical strength and toughness are discovered. Therefore, MMCs can withstand tensile and compressive stresses. This is possible through transference and applied force distribution from the ductile matrix to the phase of the reinforcement (Deuis et al., 1996).
Recent trends and future outlooks in manufacturing methods and applications of FGM: a comprehensive review
Published in Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 2023
Parveen Kumar, Satish Kumar Sharma, Ratnesh Kumar Raj Singh
Compositions of polymeric materials and metals have already played a vital role as structural elements and are used in aerospace and automobile industries for potentially essential applications. In each of these industries, metal-polymer composites have met physical design specifications with substantial weight savings over all metal parts. Such reductions are reconciled with more incredible speeds and higher payloads for aircraft designers.[120]