China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
The index theorem
Published in Peter B. Gilkey, Invariance Theory, the Heat Equation, and the Atiyah-Singer Index Theorem, 2018
Let Index J(M) be the index with coefficients in the trivial bundle; this is often called the arithmetic genus. Every holomorphic manifold has a natural almost complex structure we shall discuss shortly. Give CPk this structure. If ρ = (k1,…, kℓ) let () CP(ρ)=CPk1×…×CPkℓ
Soil investigation
Published in A.A. Balkema, Building on Soft Soils, 2017
Apart from the examination presented earlier, a model analysis (for instance, via a test load) or a scale analysis (for instance, in a centrifuge), particularly for a complex structure and/or a complex geometry can give an idea of how the soil will behave. Increasing use is being made, in consultancy practice, of centrifuge model analysis. The following four paragraphs cover those examination techniques, both under in situ and laboratory conditions, which are most appropriate for establishing calculation parameters. Discussed consecutively are unit weight and water content, strength, deformation, permeability and consolidation determinations.
Bridge indirect monitoring using Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP)
Published in Joan-Ramon Casas, Dan M. Frangopol, Jose Turmo, Bridge Safety, Maintenance, Management, Life-Cycle, Resilience and Sustainability, 2022
P. Cheema, M.M. Alamdari, K.C. Chang, C.W. Kim, M. Sugiyama
UMAP is an algorithm which was developed by McInnes et al. [13]. It was motivated in part to try and maintain the overarching topological structure of the data points as we project them from a high dimensional manifold to a low dimensional manifold. More precisely, it tries to construct a set of local manifold approximations (similar to a set of charts in differential geometry), and uses a fuzzy simplicial complex structure to try and “stitch” these local approximations together.
Post-Earthquake Damage Assessments of Historic Mosques and Effects of Near-Fault and Far-Fault Ground Motions on Seismic Responses
Published in International Journal of Architectural Heritage, 2023
Ahmet Can Altunişik, Fezayil Sunca, Ali Fuat Genç, Cengiz Tavşan
Awereness of the seismic vulnerability of historic structures, which are generally highly-valued by their local communities, has led to an increasing interest over the past decade in the assessment of structural behaviors and damage due to the effects of earthquakes. Historical buildings are complex structures which can include a range of structural features such as arches, domes, vaults, towers, minarets, and buttresses. Mosques can contain some or all these structural elements, and thus are one of the structures which can accurately reflect the general behavior of historical structures. As with historical structures in general, many historical mosques have shown high seismic vulnerability to earthquakes (Atmaca et al. 2020a; Cakir et al. 2015; Dogangun and Sezen 2012). In the literature, many studies have been carried out on empirical formulas to estimate the modal parameters of mosques, of minarets which are important elements of mosques, and also of towers with similar structural behavior to minarets (Bartoli et al. 2017; Çalik et al. 2020, 2019; Diaferio, Foti, and Potenza 2018; Livaoğlu et al. 2016; Oliveira et al. 2011; Serhatoğlu and Livaoğlu 2019; Shakya et al. 2016).