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Hydraulic Power Distribution
Published in Qin Zhang, Basics of Hydraulic Systems, 2019
By definition, hydraulic manifolds are simply blocks of metal with drilled flow paths to connect various ports. Other than flow paths, a typical hydraulic manifold often has some pressure channels drilled to intersect with the main flow paths so that a pressure gage or sensor can be installed. According to their design, hydraulic manifolds come in either modular-block and single-piece designs. A modular-block design generally supports one valve and contains only internal paths for one-valve functions. It normally needs to connect a series of similar modular blocks to build a complete system. In comparison, single-piece manifolds are designed to support all associated valves by providing all the paths and channels needed to form a stand-alone system.
Design and thermal analysis of coated and uncoated exhaust manifold
Published in International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2020
T. N. Valarmathi, S. Sekar, M. Purusothaman, J. Saravanan, K. N. Balan, S. D. Sekar, T. Mothilal
In automotive industries, an exhaust manifold is used to collect and deliver the gases from the cylinders to one pipe. Manifolds are generally fabricated using cast iron or steel. During the process, the manifold is suffered by the heat developed which damages the part. Hence, insulation like thermal spray of ceramic paint or bonding of ceramic mixture or by the use of wrapped manifold is provided for minimizing the heat. Many research works are performed to reduce the consequence of temperature during the process. Mathematical modelling and computational fluid dynamics are applied to analyse the heat transfer in the exhaust manifold (Kandylas and Stamatelos 1999). A complete review is presented about the coating and its effects in diesel engines (Azadi et al. 2013). The effect of temperature on the exhaust manifold is analysed by using CFD software and finite element methodology (FEM) software (Bin Zou et al. 2013). Finite element analysis (FEA) is used to design and analyse the manifold (Gopaal et al. 2014). An exhaust manifold is designed with different coatings and analysed by FEM software CATIA V5 R20 and ANSYS 15.0 (Durga Prasad et al. 2015). The manifold of a 4-cylinder engine is analysed to reduce the stress concentration by CFD and FEA simulation and found that the modification reduces the stress level by 13% (Sahoo and Thiya 2017). To reduce the heat dissipation in the exhaust manifold, different ceramic coatings are performed and analysed (Saravanan et al. 2017).
A numerical model for optimal receiver array and mass flow rate in residential solar water heating systems
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Energy, 2018
Rigardt Alfred Maarten Coetzee, Aggrey Mwesigye, Zhongjie Huan
The Dewar tube is made of borosilicate glass with a copper heat pipe operating with water as the internal fluid inside the ETHPC tube. The 1-mm-thick and 1675-mm-long circular internal aluminium fin supports the heat pipe. The dry type manifold is operated at a pressure of separating the heat pipes with the manifold with a 1-mm-thick wall. The cross-flowing internal fluid of the manifold is water. The manifold consists of a layered copper internal shell, polyurethane foam insulation and a stainless steel outer case. The storage tanks have a 150-L volume capacity each with a U-value of (Duffie and Beckman 2013). The design specifications of the collector are shown in Table 1. These specifications are determined from measurements and data sheets from local distributors (SOLARRAY 2015; ITS Solar 2015a). These same components were also used in a previous investigation by Coetzee, Mwesigye, and Huan (2017).
Study on risk assessment and numerical simulation method of subsea manifold system
Published in Ships and Offshore Structures, 2021
Zhaohui Shang, Weidong Ruan, Hongdong Qiao, Yong Bai
Manifold is the arrangement with pipe and valves, designed to joint, distribute, control and monitoring fluid flow (Bai and Bai 2012). Herein a manifold in the subsea production system is adopted as the research object to establish the reliability model. Apart from the base support components, the manifold system mainly consists of three parts, i.e. pigging system module, production branch module and chemical pipeline module. In this paper, the basic structure of manifold system is analysed, and the schematic diagram of subsea manifold is displayed in Figure 2.