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XML-Based Tools and Processes
Published in Cliff Wootton, Developing Quality Metadata, 2009
Numeric character references contain the ‘#’ character followed by a value instead of a name. The value can be a decimal value or a hexadecimal equivalent with a preceding ‘x’ character. This value is the code point within the Unicode character set. This provides a way to describe characters that would be impossible to type. It gives access to the full range of international symbols that include Arabic, Chinese, and Japanese, etc. We can use this in place of names if we want to.
Geographic dependency of identity-associated data
Published in Automatika, 2018
For a concrete example, we will use an address in Zagreb that includes an existing street (the street number has been chosen too large on purpose, the full address is non-existent) – “Ulica Ivana Banjavčića” (Ivan Banjavčić’s Street). There are several important features in this example. Letters “č” (pronounced similarly to ch in nacho) and “ć” (pronounced similar to t in nature) are specific to some languages. Serbian Cyrillic has symbols for both, but Russian Cyrillic only contains letter ч, an analog to “č” (Serbian Cyrillic has letter-for-letter equivalents to all Latin letters used both in Croatian and Serbian). Also, “nj” (pronounced similar to n in new in most English pronunciations) is a single letter with its Unicode code point (0 × 01CC for small, 0 × 01CA for capital), but in practice people write it as the two-letter combination “n” and “j” (owning to historic key layouts of keyboards and prior to that mechanical and electrical typewriters). Contrary to this, when writing in Cyrillic scripts that have an equivalent (e.g. Serbian Cyrillic script contains њ, analogous to nj, Russian does not), people use this single letter, avoiding any two-letter combinations. In addition, when referring to street names, it is customary to shorten them in a well-known way where “Ulica Ivana Banjačića” becomes “Banjačićeva” which is so thoroughly practiced that many official documents include these shortened names. For our example, we will assume that everyone in the city of Zagreb observes this habitual shortening of street names.