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Bronchial Asthma and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis as Potential Targets for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Published in Richard K. Burt, Alberto M. Marmont, Stem Cell Therapy for Autoimmune Disease, 2019
Júlio C. Voltarelli, Eduardo A. Donadi, José A. B. Martinez, Elcio O. Vianna, Willy Sarti
Bronchial hyperresponsiveness is defined as an increased ability of the airway to narrow its caliber after exposure to nonspecific stimuli, including bronchoconstrictor pharmacologic agonists, such as histamine, acethylcholine, methacoline, and many other stimuli. After nonspecific stimuli provocation, patients presenting with bronchial hyperresponsiveness exhibit a 20% fall in the forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1). Usually, the magnitude of airway hyperresponsiveness correlates with the severity of asthma and with variations of the peak expiratory flow rate. An improvement in FEV1 may be observed after the inhalation of bronchodilators. The development of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in asthmatics has been associated with persistent airway inflammation, mainly caused by the activation of inflammatory cells such as mast cells, eosinophils, neutrophils and lymphocytes. Although the mechanisms responsible for airway hyperresponsiveness are not completely understood, the consequences of the persistent inflammation include airway wall thickening, loss of airway epithelium, airway edema, and altered airway smooth muscle function.21
Nanomedicines for the Treatment of Respiratory Diseases
Published in Sarwar Beg, Mahfoozur Rahman, Md. Abul Barkat, Farhan J. Ahmad, Nanomedicine for the Treatment of Disease, 2019
Brahmeshwar Mishra, Sundeep Chaurasia
Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways in which many cells and cellular elements play a major role: in particular, mast cells, eosinophils, T-lymphocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and epithelial cells. In susceptible individuals, this inflammation causes recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing, mainly at nighttime or in the early morning. These episodes are usually associated with widespread but variable airflow obstruction that is often reversible either spontaneously or with treatment. The inflammation also causes an associated increase in the existing bronchial hyperresponsiveness to a variety of stimuli. Reversibility of airflow limitation may be incomplete in some patients with bronchial asthma (Jiang et al., 2014). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimate that 1 in 11 children and 1 in 12 adults have bronchial asthma in the United States of America (Jiang et al., 2014). According to the World Health Organization, bronchial asthma affects 235 million people worldwide (WHO, 2016).
World Trade Center-related asthma: clinical care essentials
Published in Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, 2023
Asthma symptoms associated with WTC dust/fume exposure have been well-described in responder and pediatric and adult survivor populations.9–20,32 Most have spirometry values within normal predicted values;11,12,33–36 airflow obstruction on spirometry is less common, but includes some who fit the definition of COPD.37–39 Because of symptoms consistent with asthma with normal spirometry, additional studies have been performed, which show bronchial hyperresponsiveness10,12,20,34,40 and possible small airway involvement.35,41–44 Asthma presentation in WTC patients can be described as follows:
Job hazards and respiratory symptoms in Hispanic female domestic cleaners
Published in Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, 2020
Kristina W. Whitworth, Brenda Berumen-Flucker, George L. Delclos, Sonia Fragoso, Claudia Mata, David Gimeno Ruiz de Porras
There is consistent evidence of a positive association between occupation as a cleaner and respiratory disorders, including asthma, reduced lung function, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness.3,6,8,11–20 The majority of this evidence comes from studies of professional/industrial cleaners with little evidence among the more vulnerable group of domestic cleaners. However, a series of focus groups found that domestic cleaners report more adverse respiratory symptoms and are at increased risk for exposure to respiratory irritants compared with industrial cleaners.3 Statistically significant associations between cleaning the kitchen and toilet bowl and using bleach with lower respiratory symptoms was found among formal and informal domestic cleaners in Spain.21 In our study, lower respiratory tract symptoms were associated with the use of bleach (OR 3.5); the odds were greater when the use of diluted bleach was considered (OR 4.4), potentially indicating risk associated with mixing chemicals with water, an act commonly reported in our population.
Risk factors associated among respiratory health and banana farming
Published in Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, 2021
José Martim Marques Simas, Líria Yuri Yamauchi, Maria do Carmo Baracho de Alencar
As the presence of previous respiratory disease was self-reported, there may be an information bias, with an underestimation of asthma cases, which would be an important confounding factor. On the other hand, according to the review by Hernández, Parrón and Alarcón (2011),33 pesticides can act in different ways in cases of asthma: they can increase the risk of developing the disease, exacerbate preexisting asthma, or increase bronchial hyperresponsiveness and trigger an asthma attack.