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Role of Microfluidics-Based Point-of-Care Testing (POCT) for Clinical Applications
Published in Raju Khan, Chetna Dhand, S. K. Sanghi, Shabi Thankaraj Salammal, A. B. P. Mishra, Advanced Microfluidics-Based Point-of-Care Diagnostics, 2022
Arpana Parihar, Dipesh Singh Parihar, Pushpesh Ranjan, Raju Khan
The CO-oximetry unit is a multiwavelength spectrophotometer that measures the typical absorption spectra of various hemoglobin (Hb) species in order to differentiate O2–Hb from other Hb species and calculate the O2–Hb saturation number [89]. The combined analysis of plasma clotting, thrombocyte function, and fibrinolysis is known as viscoelastic coagulation testing [90]. The ROTEM from TEM International (Munich, Germany) and the Sonoclot series from Sienco Inc. (Boulder, CO) are two commercially available instruments. Platelet function in terms of in vitro bleeding time can be assessed using optical aggregometry [91].
Minimally invasive capillary blood sampling methods
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2023
Michael S. F. Hoffman, James W. McKeage, Jiali Xu, Bryan P. Ruddy, Poul M. F. Nielsen, Andrew J. Taberner
Heating the skin to around 40°C or 45°C before lancing releases more blood after lancing, at the expense of sampling duration and complexity of the apparatus (Young et al., 2013). The skin circulation increases to facilitate heat loss in hot conditions, promoting a larger volume of blood released from the lancing site (Young et al., 2013). Despite this, a study of the use of warming to assist in neonatal heel pick sampling failed to find any benefit [83]. Cooling the skin can cause hypothermia-induced reversible platelet dysfunction, increasing bleeding time [84]. This effect was observed from blood drawn from forearm tissue when skin temperature was brought to and held at 22°C. These conditions allow for a greater total volume collected if the patient is willing to spend up to 3 minutes collecting a blood sample.
Fabrication of thrombin loaded TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber-gelatin sponges and their hemostatic behavior in rat liver hemorrhage model
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2022
Md Sowaib Ibne Mahbub, Tamanna Sultana, Jae-Gyoung Gwon, Byong-Taek Lee
Rats were anesthetized with Isoflurane (Terrell, USA) and placed in supine position. The hair of the upper abdomen was thoroughly shaved and cleaned with 70% ethanol. The abdomen was opened through a midline incision and the liver was stretched out carefully from the abdomen using convenient forceps. A liver avulsion wound (8 mm in diameter) was created using 8 mm biopsy punch. Hemostatic scaffolds loaded with Th (TOCN-Th, TOCN 2.5G-Th) and without Th (TOCN, TOCN-2.5G) were applied to the bleeding site. Bleeding time for all type scaffolds was recorded with a stopwatch. Blood secreted from the wound was collected with a pre-weighted surgical gauge and scaffold until bleeding stopped. It was then weighed.