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Number Systems
Published in Mike Tooley, Aircraft Digital Electronic and Computer Systems, 2023
In order to convert a binary number to its equivalent decimal number we can determine the value of each successive binary digit, multiply it by the column value (in terms of the power of the base) and then simply add the values up. For example, to convert the binary number 1011, we take each digit and multiply it by the binary weight of the digit position (8, 4, 2 and 1) and add the result, as shown in Figure 2.5.
Number Systems, Conversions and Codes
Published in Dale Patrick, Stephen Fardo, Vigyan ‘Vigs’ Chandra, Electronic Digital System Fundamentals, 2020
Dale Patrick, Stephen Fardo, Vigyan ‘Vigs’ Chandra
Numbers are frequently converted from one system to another. Conversion of a decimal number to a binary number is achieved by repetitive steps of division by the number 2. When there is no remainder, a 0 is recorded. A 1 is recorded when there is a remainder. The division process continues until a quotient of 0 is obtained. The binary equivalent is the accumulation of the recorded remainders. Binary-to-decimal conversion is achieved by starting at the binary point to find the decimal value for each binary place. Then the place-value assignments are added to find the decimal number equivalent.
Review of Digital Electronics Design
Published in Suman Lata Tripathi, Sobhit Saxena, Sushanta Kumar Mohapatra, Advanced VLSI Design and Testability Issues, 2020
Reena Chandel, Dushyant Kumar Singh, P. Raja
In digital system, binary number is a number system with base 2, which means that in binary system, there are dual symbols that are 0 and 1. In binary system, the value of the number is the sum of power of 2 for each 1 in number. The right most digit is with 20, the next representing 21, then 22, and so on.
Prediction of RNA secondary structure based on stem region replacement using the RSRNA algorithm
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2021
Chengzhen Xu, Longjian Gao, Jin Li, Longfeng Shen, Hong Liang, Kuan Luan, Xiaomin Wu
After selecting the stems, the compatibility of the selected stems with the rest of the structure would be determined. Taking as the root stem, and to compare with the rest of the stems, the two stems would need to be converted into binary numbers as follows: if i and j were base pairs, the i and j positions would be 1. However, if they were incompatible, the positional value was 0. Then, the n-bit binary number R that was as long as sequence x was formed. Another stem would be converted as follows: the base positions from the first to i1-k1-1 would be 0, and those from i1-k1 to j1+k1 would be 1. The remaining stems were considered to be 0. Therefore, we obtained a bit binary number, R1. The equations for calculating the compatibility after this conversion were obtained from Equations (5) to (7): where B was 1 when the binary numbers, R and R1, intersect, while represented values from i-k to i.
Photo forgery detection using RGB color model permutations
Published in The Imaging Science Journal, 2022
In conventional LBP, eight possible neighbors of central pixel value are compared. According to comparison, 0 or 1 is assigned to eight neighbors. It provides an 8-bit binary number, and then its decimal equivalent is considered in the LBP histogram. In co-occurrence based LBP, only a 4-bit (Figure 9) pattern is considered; otherwise the feature vector size becomes too lengthy. Sixteen decimal numbers are possible using for a 4-bit binary number. Therefore, 256 pairs are possible using 16 decimal numbers. The feature vector is generated by considering co-occurrences in horizontal, & vertical for 4-bit (+) and major diagonal, & minor diagonal directions for 4-bit (×) patterns. Hence, the size of the feature vector will be 2*4*256 = 2048.
Teaching redundant residue number system for electronics and computer students
Published in International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, 2022
(residue number system): RNS is a numeral system to represent a binary number by smaller integers. The system is defined by a set of N positive and pairwise relatively prime moduli . A number X in the system is represented by , where and signifies the residue of X modulo mi. Any integer X in the range [0, M−1] has a unique representation, where is the dynamic range (DR) of the moduli set (Garner, 1959; Timarchi & Akbarzadeh, 2019).