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A Suggested Framework
Published in Okoro Chima Okereke, Achieving Successful and Sustainable Project Delivery in Africa, 2020
It is relevant to note the difference between benchmark and baseline. A baseline is an internally accepted reading or measurement with which subsequent readings can be compared. For example, in a project to improve the income in a business; an income on 2 November is noted before the improvement activities are embarked upon. One month after, on 2 December, the income is checked again. The value recorded is compared with the value on 2 November, which is now the baseline. Incomes recorded in future months are still compared with the baseline which is the income recorded on 2 November. From the evaluated readings or differences between the monthly readings and the baseline, the improvement or otherwise, in the income caused by the improvement activities can be evaluated.
Software Quality Domain
Published in Marvin Gechman, Project Management of Large Software-Intensive Systems, 2019
Software Configuration Management is an essential development control activity that begins during requirements definition. Formal software control starts with the establishment of the Allocated Baseline, which identifies the Software Items (SIs) that must be formally managed in coordination with the Configuration Control Boards described in Subsection 6.4.3. A baseline is the initial standard or measure against which future status, progress, and changes are compared and measured. SCM is responsible for all tasks necessary to control baselined software products and to maintain the current status of the baselined products throughout the Development Life Cycle.
Using AUSGeoid2020 and its error grids in surveying computations
Published in Journal of Spatial Science, 2019
W. E. Featherstone, J. C. McCubbine, S. J. Claessens, D. Belton, N. J. Brown
All observations are simulated to be error-free, but variances are applied based upon ‘typical’ manufacturer-stated instrument precisions: i.e. horizontal directions ±1′′, zenith angles ± 2′′, calibrated EDM slope distances (±2 mm ± 2 ppm), differential levelling (±12 mm, where is distance in km), GNSS baselines (±10 mm ± 1 ppm), centring errors ±1.5 mm, instrument, antenna and target height errors ±1 mm.