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Attosecond Laser Generation
Published in Hitendra K. Malik, Laser-Matter Interaction for Radiation and Energy, 2021
The exceptional advancement in ultrafast laser technology and particularly the very high instantaneous field intensity that it provides have led diverse areas in the field of science such as light source technology, accelerator technology, inertial confinement fusion, and laboratory astrophysics to the study of warm dense matter (WDM). Figure 9.1 shows the development of laser intensity with ascending years. Today, Extreme Light Infrastructure (ELI), pan-European, and Institute of Laser Engineering (ILE), Japan produce the highest peak laser power. They are generally the facilities of 100 and 10 PW (1 PW = 1015 Watts), which contribute to the ultrarelativistic interaction region. The production of exawatt and probably zettawatt pulses are possible through the combination of cascaded conversion compression (C3) with a large-scale pump laser. This will expand the laser matter interactions to high-energy particle physics and vacuum nonlinear physics.
Laser-Driven Ion Acceleration
Published in Paul R. Bolton, Katia Parodi, Jörg Schreiber, Applications of Laser-Driven Particle Acceleration, 2018
The observed number of accelerated protons in the UCLA experiment [Haberberger et al., 2012] is very low, about three orders of magnitude lower than produced via HB acceleration at BNL (see Section 5.3.3) in similar laser and target conditions [Palmer et al., 2011]. The comparison between the two experiments suggests that, for the same laser and plasma parameters, HB leads to lower energies than CSA but also to higher numbers of accelerated protons, which can be advantageous for some applications, such as isochoric heating and the creation of warm dense matter. In CSA, the number of accelerated protons must be low in order to prevent excessive ‘loading’ of the shock wave: if too many protons are reflected from the shock, the latter loses energy and progressively reduces its velocity, which in turn causes the reflected proton energy to shift down to lower values, broadening the proton spectrum [Macchi et al., 2012].
Future Prospects of Intense Laser-Driven Ion Beams for Diagnostics of Lithium-Ion Batteries
Published in Yoshiaki Kato, Zenpachi Ogumi, José Manuel Perlado Martín, Lithium-Ion Batteries, 2019
Shunsuke Inoue, Masaki Hashida, Shuji Sakabe
Since the first observations of the TNSA proton beam, a large number of studies have reported its applications, for example, in proton imaging for ultrafast phenomena [18, 19], creation of warm dense matter [20], cancer therapy using ion beams [21], and fast ignition for inertial confinement fusion [22]. There are a few reports of the application for a typical IBA, exemplified by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, particle-induced X-ray emission, and nuclear reaction analysis. For example, Labaune et al. reported the measurement of a cross section of the 11B(p, α)2α reaction in energetic laser plasma (an electron temperature of approximately 0.7 ± 0.15 keV) with laser TNSA proton beams [46]. However, the application of the TNSA proton for IBA has not been demonstrated. The considerable reasons are (a) a low repetition rate (low total integrated flux in comparison with the conventional particle accelerator), (b) stability of the TNSA beam, and (c) large radiation noise emitted from laser plasma (high-energy electrons, X-rays, or electromagnetic waves will damage a specimen and make it difficult to acquire data from diagnostic devices). Here, we describe a demonstration experiment for the application of laser-accelerated proton beams for IBA, with a compact and stable laser system. The TNSA proton beams are used for a 7Li(p, α)4He reaction. A lithium fluoride (LiF) crystal is irradiated by the proton beams 500 times to detect the 8 MeV α particle from this reaction. To reduce large noise, a CR-39 nuclear track detector is used and significant signals generated by a particles have been observed.
Fabrication of Low-Density Shock-Propagation Targets Using Two-Photon Polymerization
Published in Fusion Science and Technology, 2018
O. Stein, Y. Liu, J. Streit, J. H. Campbell, Y. F. Lu, Y. Aglitskiy, N. Petta
Low-density materials have a number of important uses in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) and high-energy-density (HED) physics, such as (1) fuel retention layers in ICF targets, (2) study of radiation transport and shock propagation, (3) creation and study of warm dense matter with temperatures of a few electron volts, and (4) experiments on Rayleigh-Taylor and other growth instabilities to name but a few. Typical conventional foam targets consist of a random distribution of pores and matrix material with a given average density. In contrast, 2PP offers the ability to print designer foams with a defined density or density distribution of known pore size. In the application reported here, 2PP is used to print a series of low-density polymeric foam rods (2000 × 250 × 300 μm3 in length, width, and height, respectively) with a 15-μm-thick full-density ablative top layer. The foam section has a design density of 100 mg/cm3. Both the foam rod and ablation layer are printed in one step using 2PP.