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Regulating Diodes and Applications
Published in Muhammad H. Rashid, Ahmad Hemami, Electricity and Electronics for Renewable Energy Technology, 2017
The main application of a zener diode is in voltage regulation. Voltage regulation implies keeping a voltage at a desired value irrespective of current and other factors that tend to change it. It is very important for many devices to protect them from overvoltage (and excessive current, as a result). The specific property of a zener diode is that in its operating range the voltage drop across it is constant (it has an internal self-regulatory characteristic). This could be understood from the characteristic curve in Figure 15.1, which can be expressed differently: large current change in a zener diode causes only a small variation in voltage. That is, the voltage drop across it is almost constant. In this respect, if a zener diode is in parallel with another component, or device, the voltage across that device is kept constant, because of the zener diode.
Circuit Model of a 2-Winding Transformer with Core
Published in Robert M. Del Vecchio, Bertrand Poulin, Pierre T. Feghali, Dilipkumar M. Shah, Rajendra Ahuja, Transformer Design Principles, 2017
Robert M. Del Vecchio, Bertrand Poulin, Pierre T. Feghali, Dilipkumar M. Shah, Rajendra Ahuja
At this point, it is useful to discuss the topic of voltage regulation as an application of the transformer circuit model just developed and the p.u. system. In this context, the core characteristics do not play a significant role so we will use the simplified circuit model of Figure 3.8. Voltage regulation is defined as the change in the magnitude of the secondary voltage between its open-circuited value and its value when loaded divided by the value when loaded with the primary voltage held constant. We can represent the load by an impedance, ZL. The relevant circuit is shown in Figure 3.11. In the figure, we have shown a load current, IL, where IL = −I2.
Circuit Model of a Two-Winding Transformer with Core
Published in Robert M. Del Vecchio, Bertrand Poulin, Pierre T. Feghali, Dilipkumar M. Shah, Rajendra Ahuja, Transformer Design Principles, 2017
Robert M. Del Vecchio, Bertrand Poulin, Pierre T. Feghali, Dilipkumar M. Shah, Rajendra Ahuja
We will now discuss voltage regulation as an application of the transformer circuit model we just developed and the per-unit system. In this context, the core characteristics do not play a significant role, so we will use the simplified circuit model of Figure 3.8. Voltage regulation is defined as the change in the magnitude of the secondary voltage between its open-circuited value and its value when loaded divided by the value when loaded with the primary voltage held constant. We can represent the load by an impedance ZL. The relevant circuit is shown in Figure 3.12, in which a load current IL is shown where IL = −I2.
Stability enhancement of power system based on HHO-TSA control scheme
Published in International Journal of Electronics, 2022
In several operational stages operation and power system control and configurations is forever a hard task for power system engineers it undergoes as disturbances. A disturbance under operation of the power system is transient stability with voltage regulation. Transient stability addresses the generator problem that avoids synchronism after huge disturbance that prevents wide electromechanical oscillations. Voltage regulation is concerned through the issue of preserving a steady satisfactory voltage in usual operational conditions. Unfortunately, there is an inherent conflict amongst transient stability with the regulation of voltage, as it consists of negative influence in power variation damping through transients. Various approaches are used in power system stability such as WOA, PSO, FA, GA, DEA, linear quadratic regulator and bacteria foraging algorithm. WOA is used to encircling prey and assumes the better current candidate solution and also disadvantages of WOA are more complex. PSO is simple to implement, great probability and efficiency and drawback of PSO is simply to obtain in the local optimum at high-dimensional space and also the low convergence rate in operating performance. The advantage of GA is that it is very easy to find suitable solution in the shortest possible time; coding them and the drawback of GA do not find the most optimal solution; it is difficult to choose the parameters.
Hybrid Elephant Herding and Particle Swarm Optimizations for Optimal DG Integration in Distribution Networks
Published in Electric Power Components and Systems, 2020
Pushpendra Singh, Nand K. Meena, Shree Krishna Bishnoi, Balvinder Singh, Mahendra Bhadu
Node voltage deviation is one of the popular indicators of system voltage quality. The modern power consumers are much more concerned about voltage quality therefore, voltage regulation turns out to be one of the important objectives of distribution utilities. In the proposed DG allocation problem, the minimization of node voltage deviation is also considered as one of the objectives, as expressed below.