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Content Gathering and Customer Billing
Published in Lars-Ingemar Lundström, Digital Signage Broadcasting, 2013
An important question is if the digital signage system can use all file formats on the Internet and other types of content creation. The answer is definitely yes. But in many cases, it is not practical to use and distribute every file format in use. It is better to use a consistent set of file formats that can be handled easily by the media players in your digital signage system. Besides live streams of video, there are four basic kinds of files of interest for digital signage applications: Video clips such as MPEG, WMV, and other video file formats. Audio files are also included in this category.Still image files of various kinds. Animation files also can be included here though they are a cross between video and still image files.Smaller files, such as text and XML files, used primarily for data that have to be updated on a near-real-time basis.Files where the authoring work has already been done to combine media files, such as Adobe PDF and PowerPoint.
Current Status of Information Security Based on Hybrid Crypto and Stego Systems
Published in Ibrahiem M. M. El Emary, Anna Brzozowska, Shaping the Future of ICT, 2017
Rana Saad Mohammed, Sattar B. Sadkhan
Steganography can use all types of digital file formats for hiding information, but works best with those formats that have more redundant bits than necessary to embed secret message bits. The basic types of digital file formats that can be used with steganography are text, image, audio, video, and protocol [8]. Text file format—A secret message can be hidden in each character of the word in a cover text. This method has decreased in use since the advent of other digital file formats. Also text files do not have much redundant data to hide a message.Image file format—A secret message can hide in a cover image using a specific algorithm and stego-key to get a stego image. The receiver can extract the message from a stego image using the same stego-key as the sender. There are several techniques for the image file format: Spatial domain techniques—Least significant bit, pseudorandom permutation, palette-based image, cover regions and parity bits, quantization and dithering, image, downgrading and cover channelsMasking and filteringTransform techniquesStatistical methodsSpread spectrumDistortion techniquesCover generation techniquesFile and palette embeddingAudio file format—Examples of digital audio file format are WAVE, MIDI, AVI, and MPEG. This technique hides information in cover sound parts that are unnoticeable by the human ear.Video file format—Examples of digital video format are H.264, Mp4, MPEG, and AVI. These formats can be used for hiding any kind of secret message.Protocol steganography—The protocols TCP, UDP, ICMP, and IP are used in information hiding. For example, a secret message is embedded in a header of a protocol packet [10].
Lower limb stiffness testing in athletic performance: a critical review
Published in Sports Biomechanics, 2021
Sean J. Maloney, Iain M. Fletcher
The accurate determination of angular displacements had previously necessitated the use of expensive two- (or even three-) dimensional motion capture systems. However, given recent advancements in mobile technology, video analysis at an appropriate frame rate (≥200 Hz (Farley et al., 1998; Kuitunen et al., 2011)) is now possible for most practitioners. For example, iPhone models post-2014 (models 6 and above) are capable of recording at 240 Hz. Such technological advancements could bring the determination of joint stiffness into the realms of coaches and practitioners working in a gym-based setting if they have the capacity to obtain (i.e., force plates) or estimate (i.e., using equations proposed by Dalleau et al. (2004)) force measurements and existing motion capture software that will accept the relevant video file format. However, the reliability and validity of such measures are yet to be determined.