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A New Video Coding Standard—HEVC/H.265
Published in Yun-Qing Shi, Huifang Sun, Image and Video Compression for Multimedia Engineering, 2019
After several important video coding standards such as MPEG-2, MPEG-4 part 2 and part 10/H.264 have been successfully developed, a new video coding standard, high-efficiency video coding (HEVC) in MPEG or referred to as H.265 in ITU, has been developed and standardized collaboratively by the Joint Video Team (JVT) of ISO/IEC MPEG and ITU-T VCEG in 2013. It is the same as for H.264/MPEG-4 AVC; the main objective of HEVC/H.265 is further improving the coding efficiency. Additionally, HEVC/H.265 targets the optimization of the coding performance for the new video format such as for color format of 4:4:4, high-resolution video 4K x 2k, or even higher-resolution such as 8K x 4K and videos with screen contents. Therefore, the standard contains its basic version of 1.0 and version of range extensions. The test results have shown that it has made another important milestone of video coding standard at the coding efficiency improvement. Compared with H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, bit savings of about 50% can be achieved at the same visual subjective quality.
VLSI Implementation of Video Watermarking for Secure HEVC Coding Standard
Published in S. Ramakrishnan, Cryptographic and Information Security, 2018
The coding method and bit-stream structure for compression of video are described in a document called video coding standards. A set of tools are defined by video coding standards for doing the compression. All the design techniques of decoding are not included in the standards. The consumers have very much flexibility in selecting among various manufacturers. A working group, Motion Pictures Experts Group (MPEG), with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG) with Telecommunication Sector of the International Telecommunications Union (ITU-T), have developed a series of video standards either independently or jointly. The common standard developed by ISO are MPEG-4, MPEG-2 and MPEG-1. ITU-T develops H.263, H.262, H.261. H.264/AVC (advanced video coding) or MPEG-4 Part-10 video coding was developed by VCEG and Joint Video Team (JVT). High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) is designed by the Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding (JCT-VC).
Part Overview: Coding of Video and Multimedia Content
Published in Ling Guan, Yifeng He, Sun-Yuan Kung, Multimedia Image and Video Processing, 2012
The Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) is a workgroup under ISO/IEC mandated to work on the development of the standard for the coding of still pictures, including JPEG, JPEG2000, JBIG, JPEG-LS, motion JPEG, motion JPEG2000, and so on. The Motion Picture Experts Group (MPEG) is another workgroup under ISO/IEC workgroup to work on the development of the MPEG-x series of video coding standards, including MPEG-1, MPEG-2, MPEG-4, MPEG-7, MPEG-21, MPEG-A, MPEG-B, MPEG-C, MPEG-D, MPEG-E, MPEG-H, MPEG-M, MPEG-U, and MPEG-V. The Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG) is the workgroup under ITU-T to develop visual coding standards, including H.261, H.262, H.263, H.264, T.80 to T.89, T.800 to T.812, and so on. Here we focus on the JPEG, MPEG-1, MPEG-2, MPEG-4, H.261, H.263, and H.264 standards.
Flexible FPGA 1D DCT hardware architecture for HEVC
Published in Automatika, 2023
Hrvoje Mlinarić, Alen Duspara, Daniel Hofman, Josip Knezović
Standardization organizations ITU-T Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG) and ISO/IEC Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) created the High-Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard [1,2]. These well-known organizations, ITU-T and ISO/IEC, have developed and enhanced video coding standards over time. ITU-T developed H.261 [3] and H.263 [4], whereas ISO/IEC developed MPEG-1 [5] and MPEG-4 Visual [6]. Moreover, these two organizations worked together to develop the H.262/MPEG-2 Video [7] and H.264/MPEG-4 Advanced Video Coding (AVC) [8] standards. Prior to the HEVC initiative, the most recent video coding standard was H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, which was significantly expanded. H.264/MPEG-4 AVC has been instrumental in enabling digital video in numerous areas that H.262/MPEG-2 did not previously encompass. HEVC was created to address all existing H.264/MPEG-4 AVC applications, with a primary concentration on two issues: increased video resolution and increased utilization of parallel processing architectures.
A Mixed Parallel and Pipelined Efficient Architecture for Intra Prediction Scheme in HEVC
Published in IETE Technical Review, 2022
Videos and their applications are of enormous demand today and will continue to grow in future [1]. Evolution of bigger, better, and cheaper smartphones, and tablet displays have created a perfect environment to wirelessly consume, generate, and share a massive amount of High Definition (HD) video content. This has put significant pressure on the existing networks and their operators due to the limited network bandwidths. Video compression technology helps in the management of skyrocketing bandwidth requirements and coping with the existing transmission networks. High-efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) is developed jointly by ITU-T Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG) and ISO/IEC Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) to handle the high resolution 4 K and 8 K videos with 50% better compression efficiency than its predecessor, H.264. [2,3]. HEVC's ability to handle high definition content and to deliver better compression efficiency comes at the cost of including complex partitions, more angular predictions in intra prediction, and other improved coding tools that result in a computationally complex algorithm [4]. Increased computations demand fast processing to meet real-time requirements. A central processing unit (CPU)-based encoding is good for supporting standard definition (SD) videos, but is not sufficient to support the HEVC standard due to much higher complexity. Specialized hardware accelerators are needed to handle the encoding and processing of videos prior to streaming. Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) make it the right choice for processing as they are inherently good at video acceleration because of the flexibility they provide. FPGAs that are programmable and reconfigurable allows multiple optimizations to accelerate video encoding and make a better option in place of software-based encoders.
Optimal weighed Holoentropy for video compression: an advanced HEVC
Published in The Imaging Science Journal, 2020
K. Santhakumar, P. Ranjith kumar
Due to the widespread application of video, there arises a requirement for the greatest compression and less complexity video coding approaches that conserve the quality of the image. Standard organizations such as ISO, VCEG, ITO of ITU-T and cooperation of various companies have led to the video coding standards development for meeting the requirements of video coding. The AVC/H.264 standard is considered as the most extensively deployed video coding technique [8–10]. Thus, AVC is generally regarded to any of the main standards utilized in Blue-Ray devices to compress the video. Further, it extensively exploited by various video streaming services like applications of video conferencing, TV broadcasting and so on. At present, the most imperative expansion in this field is the implementation of the H.265/HEVC standard. The main objective of this technique is to generate a video compression requirement which is made proficient for efficiently compressing the video when compared to other standards concerning complexity in coding and quality of video [11,12]. The standard has an extensive series of platforms for receiving the digital video. Personal computers, TVs, smartphones and tablets have a dissimilar display, computational and connectivity capabilities, and thus the video should be transformed in order to meet the stipulations of the target platform. This type of transformation is attained using video transcoding. In the case of transcoding, an uncomplicated solution is normally used to decipher the video signal that is in compressed form and then, it is re-encoded based on the target compression system. However, the process is not so simple by means of computation [13]. Predominantly in real-time applications, it is required to develop the information that is previously obtainable based on the compressed video bit-streams for accelerating the transformation [14,15].