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Oxide Nanoparticles in Heterogeneous Catalysis
Published in Varun Rawat, Anirban Das, Chandra Mohan Srivastava, Heterogeneous Catalysis in Organic Transformations, 2022
Garima Sachdeva, Jyoti Dhariwal, Monika Vats, Varun Rawat, Manish Srivastava, Anamika Srivastava
Titanium oxide (TiO2) is a naturally occurring oxide of titanium found in nature. Nowadays, TiO2 nanoparticles are utilized in many organic reactions and for the synthesis of bioactive heterocyclic compounds.
Strategies for Performance Improvement of Organic Solar Cells
Published in Sam Zhang, Materials for Energy, 2020
Titanium oxide is another n-type semiconductor material with good optical transparency, high electron mobility, and environmental stability.75 As the electron transport layer, titanium oxide nanoparticles can improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the device. Similarly, the electron transport layer prepared by the sol-gel method can prevent oxygen/humidity from intruding into the active layer.76–79 Therefore, the lifetime of the device can be increased by two orders of magnitude in a humidity environment. The precursor of titanium and the annealing temperature affect the film structure and photoelectric properties of the final TiOx film in sol-gel method. Short-time illumination can be used to fill shallow electronic defects which is advantageous to device performance.77 TiOx treated at low temperature can enhance the efficiency and stability of the device. TiO2 nanoparticles can reduce the work function of ITO to facilitate electron collection in an inverted device structure. It should be noted that TiOx has a large number of defects and vacancies, which will form a Shockley barrier at the high work function electrode and metal oxide interface. In addition, the energy-level mismatch between the metal oxide and active layers hinders the ability of TiOx to transport electrons.80–82 TiO2 can be exposed to ultraviolet radiation to reduce oxygen defects, reduce electrical resistance, increase carrier density, and finally eliminate the S-type J–V curve.
Toxic Responses of the Lung
Published in Stephen K. Hall, Joana Chakraborty, Randall J. Ruch, Chemical Exposure and Toxic Responses, 2020
Titanium pneumoconiosis is a respiratory disorder caused by the inhalation of dust of a titanium compound. Titanium oxide is used as white pigment in the manufacture of paint. Titanium carbide finds extensive use in the manufacture of tools. There is some evidence that titanium oxide may produce radiographic abnormalities similar to those seen following the inhalation of iron and tin dusts. However, the condition is relatively benign, and there is no associated pulmonary impairment.
Exploring use of titania–bentonite composite for adsorptive detoxification of crystal violet dye in eco-friendly way
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2023
Rabia Rehman, Naila Tahir, Ghufrana Samin, Muhammad Muzammil Jahangir, Zahrah T. Al-thagafi, Maha E Al-Hazemi, Eman A. Al-Abbad, Mehwish Akram
With increasing developments in textile and leather dyeing processes, dye discharge rate into wastewater streams also enhanced.[1] That’s why researchers are exploring different types of adsorbents and methodologies for detoxifying dyes.[2] Natural dyes usually biodegradable, but synthetic ones are not.[3] So, various methods, either individually[4] or in combination[5] were applied to remove these dyes. Titanium oxide is a common catalyst and adsorbent used to remove dyes, either by photocatalytic degradation[6] or by adsorption process. In this work, its composite with clay material has been synthesized and its adsorption capacity was explored to remove Crystal violet dye from water on batch scale.
Dynamics of heat passage in hybrid and tri-hybrid Oldroyd-B blood flows through a wedge-shaped artery: A medical application
Published in Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications, 2023
The motivation to use nanoparticles in the biomedical sciences is that the favorable nature of nanoparticles toward some medical requirement. Graphene oxide has several biomedical applications, such as antibacterial agents, gene therapy, cancer treatment, targeted drug delivery, etc. Titanium oxide is worthwhile in biomedical for drug delivery, biosensing, antibacterial activity, targeted drug delivery, etc. Also, the unique properties of TiO2, such as nontoxic, biocompatible, and affordable values, make it useful in nanomedicine. Accessible communication with biological interfaces of Al2O3 nanoparticles allows them to use for biomedical purposes. Also, the Aluminum nanoparticles can be used in harsh non-biological situations. Keeping in mind the extra ordinary properties of the nanoparticles discussed above we can utilize this for effective heat transmission and hemodynamic.
Effect of different device parameters on tin-based perovskite solar cell coupled with In2S3 electron transport layer and CuSCN and Spiro-OMeTAD alternative hole transport layers for high-efficiency performance
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2020
Electron transport layer (ETL) should have proper band alignment to facilitate electron transport, excellent carrier mobility, and wide bandgap (Islam et al. 2020). Usually, titanium oxide (TiO2) is used as ETL in the perovskite solar cells which has limitations due to its high-temperature fabrication, intrinsic slow electron mobility and can cause a disturbance in charge transport (Anwar et al. 2017; Iefanova et al. 2016; Lee et al. 2012). Indium sulfide (In2S3) is a suitable replacement of traditional TiO2 as ETL due to its higher carrier mobility, good stability, optimized band structure, and enhanced light tapping and also, it can even outperform TiO2 when used in perovskite solar cells (Hou et al. 2017; Xu et al. 2018; Yu, Zhao, and Liu 2019). Photochemical deposition, spray pyrolysis, thermal evaporation, and modulated flux deposition are conventional techniques for the production of In2S3 (ETL) (Hossain 2012). Furthermore, fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) has tunable bandgap, high transparency in UV/IR spectrum, high electrical conductivity, high chemical stability, proper surface texture for increasing light scattering and absorption (Huang et al. 2014), and can be conveniently used as the window layer. FTO is most efficiently fabricated by spray pyrolysis (Aouaj et al. 2009) and can enhance the stability of MASnI3 (Mandadapu et al. 2017).