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Social, Economic, and Ecological Impacts of Light Pollution
Published in Tuan Anh Nguyen, Ram K. Gupta, Nanotechnology for Light Pollution Reduction, 2023
Zobaidul Kabir, Mahfuz Kabir, Halima Khatun
With increasing populations, urban expansion, economic development, and more efficient lighting technologies, light pollution continues to affect urban cities. As a result, the patterns of change in nighttime lighting are becoming increasingly complex, and most of the research on light pollution has been concentrated in developed countries. However, light pollution is occurring in many developing countries too due to rapid urbanization, transportation, industrialization, and economic growth [1]. Light pollution and its subsequent negative impacts on the environment and society is a new challenge of our time [2]. Light pollution at night are social, economic, and environmental concerns as recognized by scientific communities. The excessive use of artificial light causes light pollution. The diffusion of artificial light from sources affects the night sky and biodiversity in both rural and urban areas although the intensity of diffusion of artificial light is relatively more in urban and industrial areas than in rural areas. By scattering in the atmosphere, diffusion of artificial light creates skyglow thus affecting the natural view of the sky. The level and variability of light pollution however vary from one place to another depending on the intensity of lighting, design, and technology.
Sustainable Development And Green Landscaping
Published in Eric A. Woodroof, Green Facilities Handbook, 2020
According to the International Dark-Sky Association, light pollution is any adverse effect of artificial light, including sky glow, glare, light trespass, light clutter, decreased visibility at night, and unnecessary energy waste. (http://www.darksky.org/mc/page.do)
Exploring Preferred Correlated Color Temperature in Outdoor Environments Using a Smart Solid-State Light Engine
Published in LEUKOS, 2018
Andrius Petrulis, Linas Petkevičius, Pranciškus Vitta, Rimantas Vaicekauskas, Artūras Žukauskas
The spectral power distribution (SPD) of light sources used in outdoor lighting must meet numerous needs and requirements. Commonly, the SPD is considered in terms of providing maximal visibility for traffic safety at minimal energy consumption [Boyce and others 2009]. In turn, traffic safety is related to visual task performance under mesopic illumination conditions, which need accounting for the variation of retinal rod and cone interaction with ambient luminance and for the complex dependence of luminance and perception of brightness on the SPD of a light source [Eloholma and others 2005; Fotios and others 2005]. Furthermore, with the recent discovery of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells [Berson and others 2002; Brainard and others 2001; Thapan and others 2001], the nighttime use of light sources with high correlated color temperatures (CCTs) was recognized to have the potential to disrupt circadian biorhythms due to the melatonin suppression action of blue-rich light with the a potentially negative impact on human health and wildlife [Bellia and others 2001; Falchi and others 2011; Van Bommel 2006]. In addition, artificial outdoor illumination by light rich in short wavelengths is claimed to cause the worst light pollution and to reduce stellar visibility due to anthropogenic sky glow [Falchi and others 2011; Luginbuhl and others 2014].
Optimizing Lighting of Rural Roads and Protected Areas with White Light: A Compromise among Light Pollution, Energy Savings, and Visibility
Published in LEUKOS, 2020
Antonio Peña-García, Adam Sędziwy
The National Lighting Product Information Program is more specific and defines light pollution as an unwanted consequence of outdoor lighting and includes effects such as sky glow, light trespass, and glare (Lighting Research Center 2007). Some national regulations as in Spain (Ministry of Industry, Tourism and Trade of Spain 2008) or state laws in the United States (Schultz 2016) are more in line with those of the Lighting Research Center.