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Future Challenges
Published in Erich Kasper, Jinzhong Yu, Silicon-Based Photonics, 2020
Silicon photonics is now on the verge of entering the mass market from a niche one. Optimistic assessments [1] of the market forecast a large annual growth rate (more than 40%) up to a volume of around 0.5 billion US dollars at the chip level and almost 4 billion US dollars at the transceiver level in 2025. More than 80% of this volume is assigned to optical intra-data-center connects. Indeed, data centers could be the market drivers for silicon photonics, with their need for low cost per data lane, low power consumption per data lane, high reliability, and high fabrication yield. Other market segments with high commercialization potential are telecommunication (metropolitan areas) and medical equipment. Silicon photonics delivers key components to aeronautics/aerospace, sensors, autonomous traffic, and high-performance computing. The tipping point for silicon-based photonics was obtained by adding Ge-on-Si photodetectors to CMOS technology on SOI substrates. This allowed complete monolithic integration of the receiver part, but silicon photonics is at a lower level of maturity than the electronics industry, and there are still challenges to overcome. For these challenges, technical breakthroughs will be necessary in laser source performance, in small size and small power modulators, and in monolithic integration techniques.
Devices in Optical Network Node
Published in Partha Pratim Sahu, Fundamentals of Optical Networks and Components, 2020
High-speed optical transceivers are required to deal with the high demand for high data rate due to the skyrocketed increase of users and services day by day. These are generally placed the path forward to overcome these limitations, but no traditional optical technology can provide a low-cost solution. There is an opportunity for high-speed silicon photonics, where optical and electrical circuits are monolithically formed with conventional silicon-based technology.
New Interconnect Schemes: End of Copper, Optical Interconnects?
Published in Simon Deleonibus, Electronic Device Architectures for the Nano-CMOS Era, 2019
Suzanne Laval, Laurent Vivien, Eric Cassan, Delphine Marris-Morini, Jean-Marc Fédéli
Tremendous progress has been noted in the very recent years in silicon photonics. Low loss light distribution towards at least 64 points, including rib waveguides with losses smaller than 0.1 dB, compact turns and splitters, is now available. Germanium provides high speed and high responsivity integrated photodetectors. Silicon modulators begin to reach the expected performances. Innovative research is still needed concerning silicon-based sources, but hybrid emitters have been successfully demonstrated. Appropriate testing methods have also to be developed to screen out bad devices as early as possible. Photonics technology is obviously much less mature than silicon electronics one. The present evolution can be compared to microelectronics twenty years ago. The clear advantages of silicon photonics are still tempered by manufacturing issues and need for high yields and low cost developments, but the recent advances let assume that silicon photonics will become a serious asset for future technologies.
Microring resonator-based logic module for all optical information processing
Published in Journal of Modern Optics, 2018
Silicon Photonics has been a promising field of research due to its capability to integrate photonic and electronic circuits to support the ever-increasing demands of next-generation computing and communications. The advantages offered by silicon photonics such as the ability to integrate multifunctional components on wafers, compatibility to CMOS technology and parallelism, ultrafast speed and bandwidth have made it possible to meet the demands of next – generation optical networks (1–4). It is because of these advantages that silicon photonics finds a place in vibrant applications ranging from nonlinear optics (5), radio frequency integrated optoelectronics (6), to long wavelength integrated photonics (7), microwave signal processing (8).
Modelling, design and optimization of compact taper and gratings for mode coupling to SOI waveguides at C-band
Published in Journal of Modern Optics, 2020
Venkatesha Muniswamy, Narayan Krishnaswamy
Silicon photonics has emerged as a promising solution for the development of photonic integrated circuits [1]. The coupling of light from optical fibre to nano-meter scale optical waveguides is a challenging issue in the design of optical integrated circuits used for optical sensing applications, which includes refractive index and absorbance-based sensing [2–5]. A suitable low-loss light coupling mechanism is required for launching light from optical source into the waveguide. Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) at infrared wavelength region has a strong light confinement due to its high refractive index contrast between silicon and buried oxide (BOX) layer.
Hybrid demultiplexer for mode and dense wavelength division multiplexing based on photonic crystal and nanowire waveguides
Published in Journal of Modern Optics, 2020
Yu Yang Zhuang, He Ming Chen, Yu Chen Hu, Wan Le Pan, Xiu Li Bai
In recent years, silicon photonics technology has enabled the integration of photonic devices with electronics devices taking advantage of its low-power consumption, high-speed and its compatibility with Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) processes. Affected by the development of silicon photonics, silicon-based demultiplexers, as the key components of multiplexing systems, have attracted increasing attention. But so far the technology of silicon hybrid demultipexler for WDM and MDM is still underdeveloped.