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Accelerated Testing of Elevated Temperature Electronics
Published in F. Patrick McCluskey, Richard Grzybowski, Thomas Podlesak, High Temperature Electronics, 2018
F. Patrick McCluskey, Richard Grzybowski, Thomas Podlesak
Nickel-coated spring steel shims are used as the actual contacts to the surface-mounted components. For the case shown in Figure 9.1, all of the five devices shown possess separate contacts, but they could just as easily be common grounded on one entire side of any gang of devices. Each of these contacts is outfitted with a screw terminal to which the high-temperature furnace wire is attached. This arrangement is very convenient because, although the clamping fixture can be used over and over for many thousands of hours, the individual contacts must be discarded after each accelerated test. This permits a fresh, non-oxidized contact to be used at the beginning of each accelerated test. All contacts, as well as the two L-shaped jaws, are kept dielectrically insulated from one another by the incorporation of ceramic substrates as separating materials. Standard 25 mil 96% alumina substrates, like those used in the manufacture of hybrid circuits, have performed very well, are easily procured, and are easily scribed and snapped to size.
Fixed Electrical Contacts and Joints
Published in Frank W. Kussy, Jack L. Warren, Design Fundamentals for Low-Voltage Distribution and Control, 2017
Frank W. Kussy, Jack L. Warren
Copper screw-type connectors are shown in Figure 6.18. These connectors must pass UL Standard 486-a. Aluminum connectors for copper and aluminum wire are shown in Figure 6.19. These aluminum connectors must pass the UL 486-a and 486-b tests. The basic requirements of the standards involve the durability and temperature-rise characteristics of the connectors. The screw terminal is tightened to a specific torque on the wire. A weight is hung on the wire, equivalent to the load of an unsupported cable. The wire is rotated 1080 times to test durability. The temperature test consists of repeated heating and cooling cycles—42 cycles for copper wire and 500 cycles for aluminum wire. After the temperature test, a weight must be attached to the wire and the wire must not stretch. The temperature rise test is then repeated. The temperature rise cannot increase more than 50°C over the rated temperature rise at rated load.
Allen-Bradley RSLogix software and ladder-diagram programming
Published in Raymond F. Gardner, Introduction to Plant Automation and Controls, 2020
Using the I:2/5 address as an example; I indicates the data is an input. 2 indicates that the signal originates from the third device mounted in the rack, where the first device is 0 and is the PLC itself. 5 indicates the sixth screw-terminal connection, remembering that terminal numbers begin with 0. Using address O:0/2, as another example, O indicates output data, 0 indicates the first device, which is the PLC itself, and 2 indicates the third wiring connection. It is important to distinguish between the letter O and the numeral 0 when addressing,5 and to note that the “:” and “/” symbols are separators when manually typing the addresses.
Knowledge-based cyber-physical systems for assembly automation
Published in Production & Manufacturing Research, 2019
Munir Merdan, Timon Hoebert, Erhard List, Wilfried Lepuschitz
The presented approach is demonstrated in a laboratory environment with an industrial pilot test case that focuses on the assembling of different THT-Devices (relay, capacitor, screw terminal, and potentiometer) on a PCB. One of the layouts is presented in Figure 11 and parts with a red dot are relevant for the automated assembly concepts. In this scenario, THT-Devices for an assembly line are placed in boxes at the workstation. Each box contains different parts, which have an exact position in the box. In the automated pilot case, the KUKA robot KR 6 R900 sixx performs a series of pick-and-place operations in assembling the final PCB board, as presented in Figure 12. These operations include: