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Quantum Computing: Computational Excellence for Society 5.0
Published in Kavita Taneja, Harmunish Taneja, Kuldeep Kumar, Arvind Selwal, Eng Lieh Ouh, Data Science and Innovations for Intelligent Systems, 2021
Paul R. Griffin, Michael Boguslavsky, Junye Huang, Robert J. Kauffman, Brian R. Tan
IBM Quantum Experience (IQX) is the leading provider of quantum computing services. In 2016, IQX put the first quantum computer on the cloud. Since then, the platform has grown tremendously and now has more than 10 quantum systems (of up to 15 qubits) with free access and an additional more than 10 premium access quantum systems (with up to 65 qubits) for the IBM Quantum Network’s partners. IQX has more than 250,000 users who collectively run more than 1 billion quantum circuits each day, and have published more than 250 related research papers (IBM.com, 2020). The IBM Quantum Network has more than 200 partners in industry and academia. IBM also released its quantum hardware roadmap in the annual Quantum Summit in September 2020, and laid out the steps toward building quantum systems with more than a million qubits. IBM aims to release processors with 127 qubits in 2021, 433 qubits in 2022, and 1,121 qubits in 2023 over the next three years (Gambetta, 2020). The quantum systems will be large enough to investigate the implementation of quantum error correction (QEC), to open the door to the practical implementation of many quantum algorithms.
Future Computing Technology: Quantum Computing and its Growth
Published in Durgesh Kumar Mishra, Nilanjan Dey, Bharat Singh Deora, Amit Joshi, ICT for Competitive Strategies, 2020
Priyanka Soni, Bharat Singh Deora
In this 21st century, there is birth of new computing technology which deals at atomic level and fastens the computation because of its parallelism property. But not every classical problem has fast quantum solution. Quantum computation is probabilistic, hence we have to run quantum algorithm again and again to get highly probable answer and also involve error in it. Every NP and NP-Complete problem is not solvable in polynomial time by quantum computers. Quantum computers are not well-suited for complex calculations because of the decoherence. They can solve easy calculations on large database. Researchers are working on Quantum processors with better quantum error correction methods. Besides of all these factors, this new era of computing has opened a new door for researchers and educators to exploit the quantum mechanics and get optimized solutions for classical algorithms.
Nanosilicon for quantum information
Published in Klaus D. Sattler, Silicon Nanomaterials Sourcebook, 2017
Moreover, the inherent quantum character of qubits makes them more fragile against noise and error prone compared to classical bits so that Criterion 3 is normally unfulfilled and quantum error correction techniques are actually mandatory to detect and correct errors that cannot be completely avoided during computation (Preskill 1998; Gottesman 2009; Devitt et al. 2013). Such techniques require a large number of ancilla qubits and are the most demanding part of quantum algorithms in terms of space as well as time resources. As a result, realistic quantum computers will be composed of millions to few billions of physical qubits depending on the problem size, including data qubits and ancillae as well as a number of communication qubits for the coherent transfer of quantum information (Copsey and Oskin 2003; Taylor et al. 2005; Rotta et al. 2014). Each qubit must be individually controlled by dedicated classical control circuitry that will have to meet stringent demands of high density and operating speed with limited noise and power consumption.
Improving the Designs of Nearest Neighbour Quantum Circuits for 1D and 2D Architectures
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2023
Chandan Bandyopadhyay, Anirban Bhattacharjee, Robert Wille, Rolf Drechsler, Hafizur Rahaman
Although several developments have taken place, many challenges have also originated and one such problem is de-coherence [8], where the coherent superposition of basis states is lost. To address this problem, the concept of Neutral atoms [9] has been introduced which allows for longer coherence time. In another approach, to control de-coherence caused due to the thermal vibrations, the use of diamond qubits [10] structure has been developed. To make the quantum circuits more efficient, fault-tolerant implementation [11] using quantum error correction codes such as Surface code and Steane code also has been investigated.