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Acceptable Design of a Thermal System: A Synthesis of Different Design Steps
Published in Yogesh Jaluria, Design and Optimization of Thermal Systems, 2019
A pump is a device used to move fluid by drawing the fluid into itself and then forcing it out through an exhaust port. It may be used to move liquids in pipelines, to lift water from a water processing plant to a storage tank high above the city, to empty a container, or to put an oil under pressure as in a hydraulic brake system. Many different types of pumps are available, often being classified as reciprocating, rotary, or centrifugal. Sketches of these three types of pumps are shown in Figure 5.32. In a reciprocating pump, an inlet valve, which opens at appropriate points during the motion of a piston, allows the lower pressure fluid to flow into a chamber. Then the back-and-forth movement of the piston is employed to push the fluid through an outlet valve. In a rotary pump, the rotating elements contain fluid that is physically pushed out. Both of these types of pumps employ fixed movements of the fluid and are thus positive displacement devices. The centrifugal pump raises the pressure by imparting kinetic energy to the fluid. The fluid picks up velocity as it flows in the pump and, as it exits, a pressure rise is generated due to the centrifugal force. Further subdivision of centrifugal pumps as axial, radial, and mixed flow pumps is made according to the direction of fluid flow with respect to the axis of rotation. Several other types of pumps are available for fluid flow systems.
Process Design Considerations for Large–Scale Chromatography of Biomolecules
Published in Kenneth E. Avis, Vincent L. Wu, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutical Manufacturing, Processing, and Preservation, 2020
Richard Wisniewski, Egisto Boschetti, Alois Jungbauer
There are several possible design solutions for the pumping system. The first step should be a determination of pump type. The selection of pump type depends on the flow rate, the required pressure, the required accuracy, the types of liquids to be pumped, sanitary/aseptic needs, and the applied control concept. The last factor may not be obvious at this stage of design, but an adequately designed control system should ensure desired flow patterns even if the pump alone behaves in a fashion strongly dependent on liquid properties and system back pressure. The selection of the pumping system may also depend on the applied concept of elution (e.g., gradient elution, step elution, or a combination of both).
Rocket Engines
Published in Ahmed F. El-Sayed, Aircraft Propulsion and Gas Turbine Engines, 2017
The principal requirements of a rocket engine propellant pump are reliability of optimum speed, lightweight, high delivery rate at maximum pressure head, smooth flow for a wide range of operating conditions, and high efficiency. The most widely used pump types are centrifugal (or radial) flow, axial flow, and mixed flow pumps. Centrifugal pumps are generally designed with a single stage, while axial pumps are primarily of multistage design. However, multistage centrifugal pumps with crossover-type volutes have also been considered. Various pump configurations are shown schematically in Figure 19.12.
Evaluating pump performance using laboratory observations and machine learning
Published in ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2021
Pumps are widely used hydraulic equipment – with some of the hydraulic uses being fluid transfer and lubrication, supply of hydraulic systems motive force, and cooling and heating appliances, on both daily and periodic basis – especially in water and waste-water treatment plants, irrigation systems, industries, municipalities, commercial buildings, and medical facilities. About 20% of the global electricity usage (Yates 2003) and up to 50% of the electrical energy consumption in most industrial plant operations (Cardoso et al., 2017), are used by and to operate pumps, respectively. Pumps consumes as high as 90% of electrical energy consumption in water supply and distribution systems (Grundfos 2004), and up to 27% of total industrial energy consumption (Abelin et al. 2006). In the United States, pumps use 80% of electrical energy consumption in drinking water distribution and supply systems (Carter 2017).
Energy consumption and energy-saving potential analysis of pollutant abatement systems in a 1000-MW coal-fired power plant
Published in Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 2018
Hang Yang, Yongxin Zhang, Chenghang Zheng, Xuecheng Wu, Linghong Chen, Xiang Gao, Joshua S. Fu
In Figure 7b, the possible combinations of different pumps are depicted. When the unit load is 500 MW and the inlet concentration of SO2 is 700 mg/Nm3, the theoretical operating power of total slurry circulating pumps is about 760 kW, whereas the actual operating power is about 1114 kW with two pumps operating. The average operating power levels of the different pumps are 552, 562, 614, and 685 kW, respectively. So two pumps should be opened to provide enough slurry, although more than half of the energy consumption of the second pump is wasted. So reducing the excess energy consumption of the circulating pumps can achieve energy-saving target. One method of improving efficiency would be to have variable-size fixed-rate capacity pumps or to have variable-speed pumps allowing varying capacity. For example, an additional pump with smaller rated power can be combined with the original pumps. Then there are four original pumps of about 500–750 kW power and the additional pump of 350 kW power, and the modified practical situation of operating power is depicted in Figure 7c. When the inlet concentration is 700 mg/Nm3 and the unit load is 500 MW, the theoretical operating power is about 760 kW, so the manager can open one original pump and the additional pump and the total operating power is 902 kW, which is less than the combination of three big pumps with the total operating power of 1114 kW. Compared with the theoretical operating power, the combination of one original pump and the additional pump can meet the demand of slurry spray. And the result shows that about 212 kW power is saved by the modified combination method.
Energy-saving oriented optimization design of the impeller and volute of a multi-stage double-suction centrifugal pump using artificial neural network
Published in Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics, 2022
Jiantao Zhao, Ji Pei, Jianping Yuan, Wenjie Wang
As the world population increases exponentially and economies develop further, energy consumption is increasing at a staggering rate, resulting in enormous pressure on energy production and a series of environmental issues. Pumps are widely used as general-purpose power machinery in various fields to transport fluids. Their energy consumption constitutes a considerable proportion of the total economic cost (Shankar et al., 2016).