China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Introduction
Published in Kurt A. Polzin, Ashley K. Hallock, Kamesh Sankaran, Justin M. Little, Circuit Modeling of Inductively-Coupled Pulsed Accelerators, 2023
Kurt A. Polzin, Ashley K. Hallock, Kamesh Sankaran, Justin M. Little
Inductive pulsed plasma accelerators [1] are typically categorized by the nature of their magnetic flux lines. While all magnetic flux lines close on themselves, the term “open” magnetic flux in this case refers to a configuration where the currents in the external driving circuit coil and the plasma produce a concentrated axisymmetric r-z magnetic field sandwiched between the two currents. This can be accomplished either in the planar configuration shown in Fig. 1.2a, producing an axially-accelerating plasma sheet, or in the conical theta-pinch configuration shown in Fig. 1.2b, yielding a plasma sheet that is accelerated both in the radially-inward and axial directions. In contrast to either of those devices, the plasma in a third design permutation known as the theta-pinch is inductively squeezed in a pure radially-inward direction. In any of these configurations the concentrated field lines in the r-z plane, once leaving the space between the external coil and the plasma, expand to fill space until they reconnect to themselves on the other side of the external coil as illustrated in Fig.1.3.
Nanometer-Scale and Low-Density Imaging with Extreme Ultraviolet and Soft X-ray Radiation
Published in Klaus D. Sattler, st Century Nanoscience – A Handbook, 2020
Discharge sources operate on the principle of plasma generation in low-density targets, gasses, by means of high-voltage discharge, Figure 7.5. Typical discharge between electrodes may not achieve sufficiently high temperatures to emit radiation in the EUV and SXR region unless the discharge current is sufficiently high. If that condition is fulfilled, the electric current in highly conducting plasma generates a magnetic field that compresses the plasma and produces so-called pinching effect [46], or Z-pinch, referring to the direction of the current flow (along z- or optical axis).
Fusion Reactor Materials
Published in C. K. Gupta, Materials in Nuclear Energy Applications, 1989
Magnetic pinch confinement takes advantage of the fact that the plasma, composed of electrically charged ions and electrons, is an excellent conductor of electricity. The electrical conductivity of a plasma is proportional to T1,5, where T is the absolute temperature. (At ignition temperatures, the plasma conductivity is some hundred times that of copper at room temperature.) It is possible, therefore, to pass large electrical currents within a plasma.
Electroplasticity: A review of mechanisms in electro-mechanical coupling of ductile metals
Published in Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 2022
Nikolay K. Dimitrov, Yucheng Liu, M. F. Horstemeyer
The pinch effect is a plasma physics phenomenon that is characterized by the self-constriction of an electrically conductive media due to the induced magnetic field. A manifestation of this effect on rigid metallic conductors was reported by Borovik [81] as a significant deviation from Ohm's law [82] and was later interpreted as a multiphysics phenomenon by Vladimirovich [83]. An estimation of the additional electromagnetic stresses (or the pinch effect) can be found in Appendix A for the case of a steady electric current flowing through a long titanium wire.