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Back-Contact Perovskite Solar Cells
Published in Ming-Fa Lin, Wen-Dung Hsu, Jow-Lay Huang, Lithium-Ion Batteries and Solar Cells, 2021
Tai-Fu Lin, Ming-Hsien Li, Pei-Ying Lin, Itaru Raifuku, Joey Lin, Peter Chen
When the ion-based batteries are charging, batteries can convert electricity into chemical energy which is stored in batteries. While discharging, ion-based batteries undergo a reverse process to convert chemical energy into electricity for charging other devices. The working principle of solar cells is totally different to the ion-based batteries. The solar cells can convert solar light (photon energy) into electricity (chemical potential of electron) which cannot be stored in solar cells. As a result, solar cells cannot work without solar light illumination. It is worth noting that the solar cells have the potential to integrate with ion-based batteries for constructing a renewable energy system with light harvesting and energy storage. The solar cells can serve as a power supply for charging the ion-based batteries.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Published in Shoogo Ueno, Bioimaging, 2020
When a nucleus in such a state is irradiated by an electromagnetic wave with photon energy equal to ΔE from the RF coil, the spin in the lower Zeeman level absorbs the energy and moves to the upper level. The nucleus then emits an electromagnetic wave with the same photon energy and returns to the lower Zeeman level. This electromagnetic wave is detected by the RF coil and is recorded as an NMR signal. The photon energy is proportional to the frequency ω0 of the electromagnetic wave. The frequency corresponding to the energy ∆E is expressed as ω0=ΔEℏ=γB0
Flexible and Stretchable Photovoltaics and Its Energy Harvesters
Published in Muhammad Mustafa Hussain, Nazek El-Atab, Handbook of Flexible and Stretchable Electronics, 2019
As we are familiar, solar cell (also known as photovoltaic cell) devices directly convert the photon energy of light into electrical energy through the well-known photovoltaic effect (first observed in 1839 by a French physicist, Edmund Becquerel). These solar cells do not utilize the chemical reactions and do not require fuel to produce the electric power (unlike batteries or fuel cells) and also do not have any moving parts (unlike conventional electric generators). The PV effect, is the basis of the conversion of light to electricity in solar cells, occurs when a light enters a PV cell and imparts enough energy to some charge carriers (electrons) to free them. A built-in-potential barrier in the solar cell acts on these free electrons to produce a voltage, which can be used to drive an observed current through a circuit [16].
Water Cycle Algorithm (WCA): A New Technique to Harvest Maximum Power from PV
Published in Cybernetics and Systems, 2022
Muhammad Yaqoob Javed, Ali Hasan, Syed Tahir Hussain Rizvi, Annas Hafeez, Sajid Sarwar, Achraf Jabeur Telmoudi
Photovoltaic cells are used to convert solar energy using the principles of photovoltaic effect which is based on the interaction of light with photovoltaic materials, with absorbed photon energy greater or equal to the material's bandgap. PV energy systems have nonlinear behavior in nature and distinctive algorithm are needed to find maximum obtainable power through the PV arrays. The PV module's nonlinear features have a single MPP (Zhang et al. 2018). Solar irradiance and temperature are key factors upon which PV power generation depends. Multiple techniques have been developed to obtain optimum points and these techniques are known as MPP searching techniques. Solar irradiance is dependent on sunlight direction, shade produced by birds, clouds, buildings, and trees, etc. These partial shading conditions or fast-changing environments change MPP and thus highly affect the output power of the solar system (Aouchiche et al. 2018).
Design and Fuzzy-PI Control of Power Converters for Use in Solar Energy Systems
Published in Electric Power Components and Systems, 2023
Mahmut Kenar, Yüksel Oğuz, Hikmet Fıdanboy
In order to obtain electrical energy from solar energy, photovoltaic cells are used that can directly convert the photon energy in the solar rays into electrical energy according to the photovoltaic effect. Depending on the power needed in these photovoltaic cells, solar panels are connected in series or parallel, and solar energy systems are created by connecting these panels in series and parallel with each other [4].
A fuzzy logic-based frequency control scheme for an isolated AC coupled PV-wind-battery hybrid system
Published in International Journal of Modelling and Simulation, 2020
A solar cell converts photon energy into electrical energy. Single diode solar cell model is used here. The current generated from the PV cell is represented by following equation (2) [29],