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Testing the Workplace Environment
Published in Samuel G. Charlton, Thomas G. O’Brien, Handbook of Human Factors Testing and Evaluation, 2019
To measure illumination in areas where you may suspect a problem with lighting, a photometer is used. Measurements should be made at maximum and minimum illumination for cases where the light intensity is controllable. The ambient illumination should be measured and reported for all lighting tests. For workbenches and consoles several readings should be made in about 1 – ft increments in a grid pattern over the surface to be evaluated. Record the illumination level on a data sheet reflecting the same grid pattern. Measurements should include illumination levels in low and daylight conditions of ambient light. The brightness of displays is measured using the spot brightness meter. Several areas should be measured over each display surface to identify hot spots or areas of nonuniform luminance.
Environmental Ergonomics
Published in Robert W. Proctor, Van Zandt Trisha, Human Factors in Simple and Complex Systems, 2018
Robert W. Proctor, Van Zandt Trisha
Both luminance and illuminance are measured with a device called a photometer. The photometer measures light in the same way that the human visual system does in daylight viewing conditions: each wavelength coming into the photometer is weighted by the corresponding threshold on the spectral sensitivity curve. For measures of luminance, a lens with a small aperture is connected to the photometer. The lens is focused on the surface of interest from any distance. If the light energy within the focused region is not uniform, the photometer integrates over the focused area to give an average luminance. The photometer gives the measure of luminance in candelas per square meter (cd/m2). (A candela is a fixed amount of luminous flux within a fixed cone of measurement.)
Radiation—ionising and non-ionising
Published in Sue Reed, Dino Pisaniello, Geza Benke, Principles of Occupational Health & Hygiene, 2020
H&S practitioners often measure visible light to determine whether a workplace has sufficient illumination. A photometer is used to measure quantities such as luminance (brightness as perceived by a standard human observer) or illuminance (the light falling on a surface) in lux (lx) weighted to the response of the human eye (see Chapter 15).
A review of advances for thermal and visual comfort controls in personal environmental control (PEC) systems
Published in Intelligent Buildings International, 2019
Sam Babu Godithi, Enna Sachdeva, Vishal Garg, Richard Brown, Christian Kohler, Rajan Rawal
Increasing levels of pollution in urban environments, especially in the developing countries like China and India, are significant contributors to poor IAQ and can lead to lower air quality than outdoors. Further, the airborne particles matter with a diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) can cause respiratory and cardiovascular diseases (Martins and Carrilho da Graça 2018). The light scattered due to suspended particles in the air is measured to measure the PM2.5 levels. Usually, laser light is passed through sensors measuring chamber that irradiates in all directions due to scattering. A photometer measures the scattered light to calculate the concentration of particles in the measuring chamber.