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Chips with Everything
Published in Sharon Ann Holgate, Understanding Solid State Physics, 2021
We have just seen that connecting a p-n junction to an electric circuit turns it into a type of diode (an electronic device with two electrodes) which only allows current to flow in one direction through it. One of the most common uses of a p-n junction is as a rectifier. This is a device that converts AC current into DC.
End Life Cycle Recycling Policy Framework for Commercially Available Solar Photovoltaic Modules and Their Environmental Impacts
Published in Satya Bir Singh, Prabhat Ranjan, Alexander V. Vakhrushev, A. K. Haghi, Mechatronic Systems Design and Solid Materials, 2021
Manisha Sheoran, Pancham Kumar, Susheela Sharma
A solar cell is a photovoltaic device that converts the light energy into electrical energy based on the principles of the photovoltaic effect. The generation of voltage across the PN junction in a semiconductor due to the absorption of light radiation is called a photovoltaic effect. The device based on this effect is called a photovoltaic device. The working of a solar cell is shown in Figure 7.7. The movement of the electrons takes place from the n region to the p region across the depletion region and an electric field is generated. The n and p regions are further connected to the finger electrodes to collect the electrons and are further supplied to the load.
Semiconductor Devices
Published in Dale R. Patrick, Stephen W. Fardo, Electricity and Electronics Fundamentals, 2020
Dale R. Patrick, Stephen W. Fardo
For a transistor to function properly, it must have electrical energy applied to all its electrodes. In semiconductor circuits the source voltage is called bias voltage or simply bias. Bipolar transistors must have both junctions biased in order to function. In an earlier chapter we discussed diode biasing. Forward biasing of a P-N junction takes place when the polarity of the source voltage is positive to the P material and negative to the N material. This condition causes a current flow. The depletion zone of the device is reduced and majority current carriers are driven toward the junction. One junction of a transistor must be forward biased when it operates.
Power Electronic Converter Configurations Integration with Hybrid Energy Sources – A Comprehensive Review for State-of the-Art in Research
Published in Electric Power Components and Systems, 2019
Kumar Krishnamurthy, Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban, Frede Blaabjerg, Ramesh Babu Neelakandan, Kettavarampalayam Ramanathan Prabhu
Governments, industry, and researchers exhibit lot of interest in this solar energy, due to its free availability in nature and its zero discharge of greenhouse gas. The amount of solar radiation energy conversion into electrical energy depends upon the efficiency of PV cell and PV module. PV cell is an electrical device which converts solar energy directly into the electrical energy. It contains p-n junction formed by the semiconductor materials. When solar light falls on the p-n junction PV cell, it produces current by the photovoltaic effect. The numbers of solar cells are connected in series and parallel to form a PV module to generate the required amount of current and voltage [14].
Application of Lévy flight particle swarm optimisation in MPPT of photovoltaic system
Published in International Journal of Electronics, 2023
Photovoltaic cells are devices that convert solar energy into electrical energy, and they are constructed based on the photovoltaic effect of the semiconductor P-N junction. A mathematical description of the photoelectric effect can be found in many literatures, for example, there is a simple model given by Borowy and Salameh (Velasco-Quesada et al., 2009). Jones and Underwood (Fathabadi, 2019) also proposed a model for estimating the maximum power in which the maximum power of the cell is inversely related to the temperature and logarithmically related to the irradiation intensity to which it is subjected. Since the mathematical calculation process of these models is different, the final output characteristics obtained are somewhat different. The ideal PV cell model can be directly composed of a current source and a resistor, but, in practice, the PV cell has internal resistance and losses, so a model with lossy resistors can characterise the PV cell more accurately. The losses are represented by series resistors , whose values are generally small, and also consider the parallel side leakage resistors , whose resistance values are naturally high, of the order of 103Ω, and is leakage current due to the process, is the photogenerated current proportional to the light intensity, is the output current of the PV cell, and is the diode saturation current (Roman et al., 2006). The equivalent model is shown in Figure 1.
PI-like fuzzy based synchronous SEPIC converter control for PV-fed small scale irrigation DC pump
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2021
Tewodros Gera Workineh, Biniyam Zemene Taye, Abraham Hizikiel Nebey, Elias Mandefro Getie
A photovoltaic array is made up of combined series/parallel modules, which are composed of usually series PV cells. A photovoltaic cell is a PN junction semiconductor that absorbs light and converts it into electrical energy in the form of DC with a photovoltaic effect (Premkumar et al., 2020; Zou et al., 2020).