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Transient Analysis
Published in Chengshan Wang, Jianzhong Wu, Janaka Ekanayake, Nick Jenkins, Smart Electricity Distribution Networks, 2017
Chengshan Wang, Jianzhong Wu, Janaka Ekanayake, Nick Jenkins
After assembling an equivalent circuit comprised of voltage sources, current sources, conductance and switches (e.g. Figure 7.5), nodal analysis is applied to establish a set of equations that represent the nodal voltage and branch current constraint, alongside the equations of each element. This set of equations is the fundamental equation of the electromagnetic transient simulation of distribution systems and is in the form of Equation 7.18: Gν=i $$ G\nu = i $$
D.C. circuits and methods of circuit analysis
Published in David Crecraft, David Gorham, electronics, 2018
Nodal analysis is a method of circuit analysis which is applicable to any circuit configuration. The method allows the calculation of all the unknown node voltages in a circuit and hence the determination of any required branch current. The steps involved in nodal analysis are: Choose a reference node.Label the other node voltages.If any of the nodes have fixed, known, voltages from e.m.f. sources, label them with their fixed value.At each unknown node, apply Kirchhoff’s current law. For each current equation, express each current in the form (Vx−Vy)/R or (Vx−Vy)G (unless the value of a current is known).Solve the resulting set of simultaneous equations to obtain the unknown node voltages.If required, use the node voltages to calculate the branch currents. The method is equally applicable to circuits with multiple e.m.f. sources. As the circuit complexity increases (in particular as the number of nodes and meshes increases) the number of simultaneous equations to be solved to obtain the node voltages increases. This increases the work involved in evaluating the node voltages. A computer program could be used to solve the set of simultaneous equations, but a more appropriate solution is to use a circuit analysis software package both to create and solve the node voltage equations.
On the Effect of Operational Amplifier Gain-bandwidth Product on the Performance of Basic Building Blocks
Published in IETE Journal of Education, 2022
The opamp can be modeled in several ways. The routine hand analysis of circuits usually uses the opamp finite gain model (2), and the student should only know how to write using Kirchoff’s current law (KCL), the equations at each node and then the circuits can be analyzed using matrix methods or solutions by hand for deriving the transfer function, input and output impedances. Circuit analysis programs like SPICE, however, based on a description of the circuit – how components are connected between various nodes – use the modified nodal analysis to derive the frequency response, analyze noise, etc. On the other hand, another way of analyzing analog circuits in a computer-aided manner is known as Symbolic analysis. In this technique [10,11], the active devices such as opamp, Current Conveyor (CC), Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA), etc. are modeled using pathological elementsviz., nullor (comprising of a nullator and a norator), Voltage mirror – Current mirror (VM-CM) pairs. The equations describing the complete circuits can be derived using standard nodal analysis and analyzed using matrix methods. The transfer functions etc., can be derived in terms of various parameters in the circuit such as resistors and capacitors, as symbolic expressions. In this paper, we use the model of (2) and use only simple circuit analysis techniques.