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Ship abnormal behaviour detection off the continental coast of Portugal
Published in C. Guedes Soares, T.A. Santos, Trends in Maritime Technology and Engineering Volume 2, 2022
H. Rong, A.P. Teixeira, C. Guedes Soares
The Automatic Identification System (AIS), enforced by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) for ships over 300 tons and all passenger ships, has introduced a new data source for maritime traffic studies. AIS allows automatic transmission of spatial-temporal data (e.g. position, speed, Course Over Ground) every 2-10s and static data (e.g. Maritime Mobile Service Identity (MMSI), ship type and size) between ships and shore-based stations. Large datasets of historical ship trajectories provided by AIS have been used in many maritime traffic studied, such as for maritime traffic characterization (Wu et al., 2016, Kang et al., 2018; Silveira et al., 2013); for collision risk assessment (Mou et al., 2010; Qu et al. 2011; Goerlandt et al., 2012; Dinis et al., 2020; Silveira et al. 2021), for ship behaviour analysis (Du et al. 2020; Gao and Shi 2020; Rong et al. 2022a); for ship trajectory prediction (e.g. Rong et al., 2019; Rong et al., 2022b); for anomaly detection (e.g. Riveiro et al., 2018; Rong et al., 2020a); among others. The AIS data have been also used to develop models to assess the static (Dinis et al., 2020) and dynamic (Yu et al. 2021) risk characteristics of ships and of the maritime traffic (e.g. Rong et al., 2020b; Rong et al., 2021)
Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS)
Published in G.D. Lees, W.G. Williamson, Handbook for Marine Radio Communication, 2015
When GMDSS amendments to the 1974 SOLAS convention were being drawn up, contracting governments agreed to cooperate in setting up the necessary shore-based infrastructure for terrestrial and satellite communications. The amended regulations included a provision that: Each Contracting government undertakes to provide the Organisation (the IMO) with pertinent information concerning the shore-based facilities in the Maritime Mobile Service, Mobile-Satellite Service and Maritime Mobile-Satellite Service, established for sea areas which it has designated off its coasts. Thus, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) publishes a master plan that describes the complete system and lists all relevant standards for equipment. The master plan also lists all the shore-based communications facilities and services worldwide which are made available by contracting governments within the GMDSS. The plan is updated regularly and covers both space and terrestrial communication methods.
Satellites
Published in Mohammad Razani, Commercial Space Technologies and Applications, 2018
Maritime mobile service—A mobile service between coast stations and ship stations, or between ship stations, or between associated onboard communication stations; survival craft stations, and emergency position-indicating radio-beacon stations may also participate in this service.
Effects of COVID-19 on passenger shipping activities and emissions: empirical analysis of passenger ships in Danish waters
Published in Maritime Policy & Management, 2023
Qiong Chen, Ying-En Ge, Yui-yip Lau, Maxim A. Dulebenets, Xiaodong Sun, Tomoya Kawasaki, Abderrahman Mellalou, Xuezong Tao
Two types of data were used in this investigation. As shown in Table 1, one is the AIS data from the Danish Maritime Authority and the other is the passenger ship static data from the Danish Maritime Authority and RightShip (RightShip 2021). The AIS data has been widely used to share the information on vessels in regional and global shipping activities among coastal authorities and ship operators (IMO 2020). The data for this analysis was adopted from the BLM-Shipping. Various attributes in the AIS data can be helpful throughout the analysis of shipping activities and motions, such as the Maritime Mobile Service Identify (MMSI) code, actual ship speed, and time information, as well as ship location at sea (latitude and longitude coordinates). Based on the IMO’s International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, the AIS should be useful for different types of passenger ships as well as the international voyage ships with a capacity of 300 gross tons or more (Chen et al. 2021; IMO 2020). The passenger ship static database is adopted from the Danish Maritime Authority and Energy efficiency rating and contains the data related to the major ship features, including the IMO number, rated engine power, vessel dimensions (length, width and type), design speed, dead weight tonnage (DWT), gross tonnage (GT), flag, fuel oil type, year of being built, among others.
Intelligent Tracking of Moving Ships in Constrained Maritime Environments Using AIS
Published in Cybernetics and Systems, 2019
Yuanchang Liu, Rui Song, Richard Bucknall
Autonomous shipping is the future for the maritime industry involving a number of different evolutionary technologies. To ensure the success of autonomous shipping, navigational safety has become the priority and it is important for the ship to autonomously detect other vessels during the operation and consequently take proper evasive actions. To detect other ships’ movements, various navigational sensors such as the Autonomous Identification System (AIS), marine radar, and the Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) can be used. Among them, AIS is commonly used as it is fitted to all vessels over 300 gross tonnage (GT) and to many small-sized vessels to enhance the safety and efficiency of maritime navigation according to the International Maritime Organization (IMO) recommendations. The benefits of using the AIS are as follows: 1) the coverage of the AIS information is at least 15–20 nautical miles (Arroyo 2011); 2) the information provided by the AIS is more comprehensive, including maritime mobile service identity (MMSI) number, vessel name, vessel position, speed and etc.; 3) since AIS transmits on VHF radio frequency, it has the capability to continue to be used to detect other ships even in severe environments where the radar detection is compromised (Harati-Mokhtari et al. 2007).