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Electrifying Off-Road Motive Power
Published in Clark W. Gellings, 2 Emissions with Electricity, 2020
Maglev is an emerging application in which trains are levitated above guide rails by electromagnetic forces. The trains are equipped with lightweight, powerful magnets, and the guide rails contain electrified coils. The application is very electricity-intensive. Magnetic fields are created in cables or on the vehicle itself, and the magnetic fields propel the vehicle (CARB, 2009). The very few existing Maglev systems are used for passenger transport, although it is possible to produce freight vehicles that carry freight. Maglev trains are currently in the early commercialization stage in Japan and China. Low-carbon electricity could help Maglev trains achieve greater market penetration. Implementation of Maglev technology has been extremely limited due to very high infrastructure costs, small marginal speed benefits in short hauls compared to alternative options, and public concern about exposure to electromagnetic fields.
Field Applications
Published in Ahmad Shahid Khan, Saurabh Kumar Mukerji, Electromagnetic Fields, 2020
Ahmad Shahid Khan, Saurabh Kumar Mukerji
Magnetic levitation (maglev) is a system of transportation that suspends guides and propels vehicles, predominantly trains, using magnetic levitation from a very large number of magnets for lift and propulsion. This method has the potential to be faster, quieter, and smoother than wheeled mass transit systems. In an evacuated tunnel, this technology has the potential to provide speed exceeding 6400 km/h. In an unevacuated tube, the power needed for levitation is usually not a large percentage and most of the power is used to overcome air drag as with any other high-speed train. The highest recorded speed of a maglev train is 581 kilometers per hour, achieved in Japan in 2003.
High Speed Ground Transport: Overview of The Technologies
Published in Thomas Lynch, High Speed Rail in the U.S. Super Trains for the Millennium, 2020
In the future, we may be able to travel at speeds up to 500 km/h in Maglev vehicles. Maglev is the generic name for a family of technologies in which the vehicle is suspended, guided and propelled by means of non-contact magnetic forces. While concepts for such systems can be traced back to the early 1900’s, the age of Maglev was borne in the mid-1960’s. Following the pioneering work of two physicists, Jim Powell and Gordon Danby, working at Brookhaven National Laboratory on Long Island, N.Y., the U.S., Japan, Germany, U.K. and Canada all began R&D programs. Those in Japan and Germany matured to the development, testing and precommercial demonstration of vehicle systems that could be operational by 2005-2010.
Maglev vehicle-switch girder coupled vibration characteristics analysis based on distributed co-simulation
Published in Vehicle System Dynamics, 2023
Yang Feng, Chunfa Zhao, Wen Zhou, Wenfeng Cai, Xin Liang, Yao Shu
The medium-low speed maglev vehicle uses magnetic attractive forces between the U-shaped electromagnets and the F-shaped rail to bear vehicle loads and utilises the lateral restoring forces of electromagnets as guiding forces. Assuming the levitation gap and the lateral offset between the magnetic pole and F-shaped rail are z and y, respectively, the vertical and lateral magnetic forces can be expressed by [27,28] where Wm and A represents the width and the area of the magnetic pole, respectively, N and I denote the turn number and the electric current of the magnet coil and is the air permeability. It should be pointed out that Equations (1) and (2) are deduced from the assumption that the gap between the magnetic pole and the rail is uniform, and there is no magnetic flux leakage and no flux saturation.
Effect of suspension form on the vehicle-bridge coupled vibration of the maglev vehicle
Published in Vehicle System Dynamics, 2023
Min Zhang, Cheng Yuan, Weihua Ma, Shihui Luo
As a new transportation system, medium- and low-speed maglev has the advantages of low noise, small turning radius, good ride comfort, etc., and thus enjoys increasing popularity at home and abroad. To date, four commercial lines have been put into operation in the world, but there are still many problems to be solved. The vehicle-bridge coupled vibration is the most important and complex issue in medium- and low-speed maglev system. Medium- and low-speed maglev trains are levitated by magnetic force, which is produced by the interaction of electromagnet and F-rail [1–3]. Due to the flexibility of the bridge, coupled vibration between vehicle and bridge is inevitable [4–6]. Vibration within a certain range will not affect normal operation, but serious coupled vibration will cause levitation instability or even levitation failure, which will undermine the operation's safety and ride comfort.
Design and Evaluation of State and Disturbance Observers for a Multivariable Magnetic Levitation System
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2023
A magnetic levitation (maglev) system features a levitated platform that can move without making mechanical contact with the maglev’s stationary components. Due to this physical noncontact, no mechanical transmission is required and friction plays no role in the dynamic behavior of the levitated platform, giving the maglev system unique characteristics and benefits to applications where conventional schemes are not appropriate. The most well-known application is maglev trains that use noncontact forces for propulsion, guidance and levitation [1–3]. Another popular application is magnetic bearings that can levitate rotating shafts with no physical contact, enabling high-speed rotation without mechanical wear [4]. Magnetic bearings have been commonly used in flywheel energy storage equipment [5] and also in flexible-rotor systems [6] for synchronous vibration suppression. Other innovative applications of maglev systems include vibration isolation [7], maglev-based steel-plate conveyance [8], maglev-type antirolling for ships [9], and ultra-low frequency vibration sensing [10].