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Proposed Hybrid Encryption Framework for Reliable 3-D Wireless Video Communications
Published in Mai Helmy Shaheen, Hybrid Encryption Algorithms Over Wireless Communication Channels, 2021
The standard of Multi-view Video Compression (MVC) [104, 105] attains efficient 3-D video encoding. It has obtained a lot of attention recently. The MVC standard is a complement of the 2-D video compression standard [106], and it is predicted to quickly take the place of the 2-D videos in various implementations like education, medicine, 3DTV, entertainment, and gaming. In the 3-D-MVC system, the 3DV is composed of diverse sequences picked for the selfsame object with different cameras. Therefore, it is an important mission to attain enough compression to fulfill future bandwidth requirements, whilst preserving a decisive 3DV reception quality. The 3DV transmission over wireless networks has increased dramatically [107, 108]. To transmit 3DV over limited-resources channels, a strong enough encoding process must be utilized, whilst maintaining an appreciated 3DV reception quality. For efficient 3DV communication, the 3-D-MVC system must exploit the spatial and temporal matching among neighboring frames in the selfsame video in addition to the inter-view correlation inside various 3-D video sequences in order to improve the compression efficiency. However, video compression with high rates is more susceptible to transmission channel corruptions.
Immersive 3D Media
Published in Hassnaa Moustafa, Sherali Zeadally, Media Networks: Architectures, Applications, and Standards, 2016
Erhan Ekmekcioglu, Varuna De Silva, Gokce Nur, Ahmet M. Kondoz
MVC scheme is the state-of-the-art multiview coding for storage (e.g., as adopted by Blu-ray Disc Association) and multiview video streaming. Nevertheless, it is also well known that the compression rate of MVC is variable according to the multiview camera setup and furthermore, the relative MVC bit rate is indefinitely proportional to the number of viewpoints. Hence, MVC does not offer realistic savings under a large set of input viewpoints. On the other hand, due to its complicated inter-view coding dependencies, it becomes difficult to stream particular viewpoints of interest to users selectively. Additionally, since quality scalability is not a part of the MVC standard, bandwidth-adapted asymmetric streaming of stereo view-pairs is not possible unless the viewpoints are originally encoded at different quality levels. However, this option may not always result in best multiview rendering especially for customers having an MVD. Viewpoint scalability has more importance when compared with the overall compression efficiency of the multiview video content. A Scalable Video Coding (SVC) standard-based approach can provide a wide range quality, as well as maximum viewpoint scalability for streaming over IP networks. As being another important domain of scalability, quality scalability can serve to have consistent (smooth) quality variations under network congestions. It should be targeted to maintain the 3D Quality of Experience of users in every condition as far as allowed, without giving rise to noticeable viewing comfort changes during the service. In order to further increase the effectiveness of the quality scalability in the context of 3D media streaming, human visual system’s adaptation capabilities can be exploited by the media encoder. Visual attention model is capable of predicting the regions of interest in a 3D audiovisual scene that can hint the media encoder how to allocate coding bit rate accordingly in between different image regions as well as between quality layers. Visual attention modelling has applications in scalable audio/video coding, where the components that are not salient or the user does not give attention to, can be coded with a lower resolution or removed completely without decreasing the perceived quality. Visually salient parts within the 3D scene can be identified and so are their according coordinates in different viewpoints, in order to prioritize them in terms of asymmetric rate allocation. In this way it can be assured that a base quality layer 3D media stream that is guaranteed to be delivered to every customer can encompass visually most significant features in the scene, and every additional quality enhancement layer coming on top would smoothly enhance the viewing experience. In other words, perceptual quality differences between different successive bandwidth adaptation levels can effectively be minimized in the favor of a higher overall quality 3D media experience.
Using Web Frameworks in Server Side Programming Courses
Published in Journal of Computer Information Systems, 2023
Most web frameworks are based on the Model View Controller (MVC) pattern. MVC is an architectural programming model that supports the separation of business logic from data presentation, enabling modifying them separately.13 This model is an effective and proven way to generate modular, organized applications. MVC helps reduce the complexity of architectural design and increase code flexibility and reuse, having various advantages5: Produces standard, consistent, well-structured, and predictable applications.Developers can share and reuse code.Produces a standard architecture that enables the visualization of how the system works.Provides thoroughly tested codes via libraries, which can be used for every application.Produces secure modules, which are easy to maintain.